健康と医療

symptom (a sign that you are ill, e.g. fever or pain)

A sign of illness that a patient notices or feels.

to diagnose (to identify what illness someone has)

To identify an illness after examining a patient.

diagnosis (a doctor's identification of an illness)

The conclusion a doctor reaches about an illness.

to prescribe (to order medicine for a patient)

When a doctor officially orders medicine for a patient.

to examine (to check a patient's body medically)

When a doctor checks a patient's body for problems.

surgeon (a doctor who performs operations)

A doctor who performs operations.

specialist (a doctor expert in one field of medicine)

A doctor who is an expert in one area of medicine.

pharmacist (person who prepares and sells medicine)

A person trained to prepare and sell medicines.

GP (a local general doctor, not a specialist)

General practitioner; a local doctor who treats general illnesses.

waiting room (room where patients wait for an appointment)

The room where patients wait before seeing a doctor.

ward (a hospital room with several patient beds)

A large room in a hospital with beds for patients.

X-ray (an image showing the inside of the body, esp. bones)

A photograph of the inside of the body, used to check bones.

vaccine (a substance that protects against a disease)

A substance that protects the body against a disease.

vaccination (the act of giving a vaccine)

The act of giving someone a vaccine to prevent disease.

antibiotics (medicine that fights bacterial infection)

Medicine used to kill bacteria and treat infections.

side effect (an unwanted result of a medicine)

An unwanted result of taking a medicine.

dose (the measured amount of medicine to take)

The amount of medicine to take at one time.

to vomit (to bring up stomach contents through the mouth)

To bring food back up from the stomach through the mouth.

to throw up (to vomit — informal)

An informal way to say 'vomit'.

nausea (the feeling that you are going to be sick)

The feeling that you are going to vomit.

to sneeze (to blow air out of the nose suddenly)

To suddenly blow air out through the nose, often when ill.

swollen (larger than normal due to injury or illness)

Bigger than normal because of injury or illness.

swelling (an enlarged area of the body from injury or illness)

A part of the body that has become larger than normal.

bruise (a dark mark on the skin from a knock or hit)

A purple or blue mark on the skin after a knock.

to bleed (to lose blood from the body)

To lose blood, usually from a wound.

to heal (when a wound or injury gets better)

When a wound or injury gets better and the skin closes.

scar (a permanent mark left by a healed wound)

A permanent mark on the skin left after a wound heals.

plaster (small adhesive strip for a cut; US 'Band-Aid')

A small strip you stick over a cut to protect it (British English).

crutches (supports used to walk with a leg injury)

Sticks that help you walk when you have a leg injury.

wheelchair (a wheeled chair for someone who cannot walk)

A chair with wheels for someone who cannot walk.

pregnant (carrying a baby in the body)

Having a baby growing inside the body.

pregnancy (the period of carrying a baby)

The time when a woman is expecting a baby.

diet (what one usually eats; a controlled eating plan)

The food you usually eat, or a special eating plan for health.

stress (mental pressure that affects health)

Mental or emotional pressure that can affect health.

mental health (the state of one's mind and emotions)

The condition of a person's mind and emotions.

depression (a serious, long-lasting low mood as an illness)

A medical condition of deep sadness lasting a long time.

anxiety (a strong feeling of worry or nervousness)

A strong feeling of worry or fear, sometimes a medical condition.

blood pressure (the force of blood in the arteries)

The force of blood as it moves through the body.

pulse (the beat of the heart felt at the wrist or neck)

The regular beat of blood you can feel, e.g. at the wrist.

to breathe (to take air in and out of the lungs)

To take air into the lungs and let it out.

out of breath (breathing hard, unable to breathe normally)

Breathing fast and with difficulty after effort.

chronic (long-lasting or constantly recurring, of an illness)

Describing an illness that lasts a long time or keeps returning.

contagious (easily spread to others, of a disease)

Describing a disease that spreads easily from person to person.

first aid (basic emergency help before a doctor arrives)

Basic medical help given immediately to an injured person.

emergency room (hospital unit for urgent cases; UK 'A&E')

The hospital department for urgent or accident cases (US; UK 'A&E').

food poisoning (illness from eating contaminated food)

Illness caused by eating bad or contaminated food.

to sprain (to injure a joint by twisting it)

To injure a joint by twisting it suddenly.

to faint (to briefly lose consciousness)

To suddenly lose consciousness for a short time.

to pass out (to lose consciousness — informal)

An informal way to say 'faint' or lose consciousness.

to come down with (to start to catch an illness)

To start to suffer from an illness, usually not serious.

to get over (to recover from an illness)

To recover from an illness or difficult experience.

under the weather (feeling slightly ill — idiom)

Feeling slightly ill or not your normal self.

itchy (giving an urge to scratch the skin)

Causing an uncomfortable feeling that makes you want to scratch.

asthma (a condition causing breathing difficulty)

A condition that makes breathing difficult.

diabetes (illness affecting blood sugar control)

A condition in which the body cannot control its sugar levels.

heart attack (a sudden serious failure of the heart)

A sudden, dangerous medical event when the heart stops working properly.

thermometer (a device for measuring temperature)

An instrument used to measure body temperature.

stitches (threads used to close a wound)

Threads a doctor uses to close a deep cut or wound.

physiotherapy (treatment by exercise and movement)

Treatment that uses exercise and movement to help the body recover.

drug (in medical contexts: a medicine or chemical substance; be aware this word also commonly refers to illegal substances)

A medicine, or a substance used to treat illness.

stressed (feeling anxious and under pressure)

Feeling worried and under pressure.

to blow your nose (to clear mucus from the nose)

To clear mucus from the nose, usually into a tissue.

Band-Aid (American English; British: plaster)

American English word for a small adhesive strip used to cover a cut or graze.

A&E (British English; American: emergency room)

British English term for the hospital unit that treats urgent and emergency cases (Accident and Emergency).

physical therapy (American English; British: physiotherapy)

American English term for treatment of injury or disability through exercise and movement.