b2単語パック

科学と研究

実験・仮説・データなど、学術の場で使う語彙。

61 語

英語の語彙

定義の言語：

日本語の定義はまだありません

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61 語

定義の言語：: 日本語

1
researchnounneutral
research (systematic scientific or academic investigation)
Systematic investigation to establish facts or reach new conclusions; usually uncountable.
She's been doing research into childhood diseases for over a decade.
She's been doing research into childhood diseases for over a decade.
2
studynounneutral
study (a specific piece of scientific research)
A particular piece of research on a specific question; countable.
A new study found that coffee may lower the risk of heart disease.
A new study found that coffee may lower the risk of heart disease.
3
experimentnounneutral
experiment (a controlled scientific test)
A controlled procedure to test a hypothesis or demonstrate a fact.
We ran the experiment three times to make sure the results were reliable.
We ran the experiment three times to make sure the results were reliable.
4
hypothesisnountechnicalneutral
hypothesis (a testable proposed explanation)
A proposed explanation made as a starting point for further investigation.
Our hypothesis was that warmer water would speed up the reaction.
Our hypothesis was that warmer water would speed up the reaction.
5
datanounneutral
data (collected facts and figures for analysis)
Facts and figures collected for analysis; usually treated as uncountable.
The data shows a clear link between exercise and lower stress.
The data shows a clear link between exercise and lower stress.
6
resultnounneutral
result (the outcome of an experiment or study)
The outcome or finding of an experiment or study; often plural.
The results confirmed what we had suspected all along.
The results confirmed what we had suspected all along.
7
evidencenounneutral
evidence (information supporting a scientific claim)
Information indicating whether a belief or claim is true; uncountable.
There's strong evidence that the climate is warming faster than predicted.
There's strong evidence that the climate is warming faster than predicted.
8
methodnounneutral
method (a systematic research procedure)
A systematic procedure or approach used in research.
They described their method in detail so others could repeat the study.
They described their method in detail so others could repeat the study.
9
samplenountechnicalneutral
sample (a representative portion taken for analysis)
A small representative part of a population or substance used for study.
They took a blood sample to check her iron levels.
They took a blood sample to check her iron levels.
10
conclusionnounneutral
conclusion (a judgement reached from research)
A judgement or decision reached after analysis and reasoning.
The researchers came to the conclusion that the drug was safe.
The researchers came to the conclusion that the drug was safe.
11
findingnounneutral
finding (a specific discovery from research)
A specific piece of information discovered through research; often plural.
The team published their findings in a leading journal.
The team published their findings in a leading journal.
12
biologynounneutral
biology (the science of living organisms)
The scientific study of living organisms.
She studied marine biology at university.
She studied marine biology at university.
13
chemistrynounneutral
chemistry (the science of substances and reactions)
The science of substances, their properties, and reactions.
We learned about acids and bases in chemistry class.
We learned about acids and bases in chemistry class.
14
physicsnounneutral
physics (the science of matter, energy and force)
The science of matter, energy, and the forces that govern them.
Physics explains why objects fall at the same rate in a vacuum.
Physics explains why objects fall at the same rate in a vacuum.
15
discoververbneutral
to discover (to find something new, scientifically)
To find or become aware of something for the first time.
Scientists have discovered a new species of frog in the rainforest.
Scientists have discovered a new species of frog in the rainforest.
16
analyzeverbneutral
to analyze (to examine data or substances in detail)
To examine something in detail to understand or explain it.
It took weeks to analyze all the samples in the lab.
It took weeks to analyze all the samples in the lab.
17
observeverbneutral
to observe (to watch and record scientifically)
To watch carefully and note what happens, especially in science.
Astronomers observed the comet for several nights in a row.
Astronomers observed the comet for several nights in a row.
18
measureverbneutral
to measure (to determine size, amount or degree)
To determine the size, amount, or degree of something.
They used a special device to measure the radiation levels.
They used a special device to measure the radiation levels.
19
proveverbneutral
to prove (to demonstrate something is true with evidence)
To demonstrate the truth of something with evidence.
These experiments prove that the theory holds up under pressure.
These experiments prove that the theory holds up under pressure.
20
investigateverbneutral
to investigate (to inquire into systematically)
To carry out a systematic inquiry into something.
The team is investigating why the cells die so quickly.
The team is investigating why the cells die so quickly.
21
examineverbneutral
to examine (to inspect closely)
To inspect or study something closely and in detail.
She examined the cells under a powerful microscope.
She examined the cells under a powerful microscope.
22
conductverbformalneutral
to conduct (to carry out research or an experiment)
To organize and carry out an activity such as research or an experiment.
The university conducted a survey of two thousand students.
The university conducted a survey of two thousand students.
23
energynounneutral
energy (the physical capacity to do work)
The capacity to do work; a central concept in physics.
The sun provides a huge amount of energy to the planet.
The sun provides a huge amount of energy to the planet.
24
atomnounneutral
atom (the basic unit of a chemical element)
The smallest unit of an element that retains its properties.
Every atom has a nucleus surrounded by electrons.
Every atom has a nucleus surrounded by electrons.
25
moleculenounneutral
molecule (atoms bonded together as a unit)
A group of atoms bonded together; the smallest unit of a compound.
A water molecule is made of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
A water molecule is made of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
26
cellnounneutral
cell (the basic unit of a living organism)
The basic structural unit of living organisms.
The human body is made up of trillions of cells.
The human body is made up of trillions of cells.
27
speciesnounneutral
species (a distinct biological type of organism)
A group of similar organisms able to breed together; same form singular and plural.
This species of bird is found only on one small island.
This species of bird is found only on one small island.
28
evolutionnounneutral
evolution (the gradual development of species over time)
The gradual development of organisms over generations.
Evolution explains how complex life developed from simple forms.
Evolution explains how complex life developed from simple forms.
29
genenounneutral
gene (a unit of heredity carrying traits)
A unit of heredity that determines a particular characteristic.
Researchers identified the gene responsible for the disease.
Researchers identified the gene responsible for the disease.
30
organismnountechnicalneutral
organism (any individual living thing)
Any individual living thing, from bacteria to mammals.
Tiny organisms in the soil help plants absorb nutrients.
Tiny organisms in the soil help plants absorb nutrients.
31
forcenounneutral
force (a physical push or pull in physics)
A physical influence that causes an object to change motion.
Gravity is the force that keeps us on the ground.
Gravity is the force that keeps us on the ground.
32
gravitynounneutral
gravity (the force of attraction between masses)
The force that attracts objects toward one another, especially toward Earth.
Without gravity, everything would float away into space.
Without gravity, everything would float away into space.
33
reactionnounneutral
reaction (a chemical process producing change)
A chemical process in which substances are changed into others.
Mixing the two liquids caused a violent reaction.
Mixing the two liquids caused a violent reaction.
34
substancenounneutral
substance (a type of material or matter)
A particular kind of matter with definite properties.
The lab tested an unknown substance found at the site.
The lab tested an unknown substance found at the site.
35
elementnounneutral
element (a fundamental chemical substance)
A pure substance that cannot be broken down chemically.
Oxygen and hydrogen are both chemical elements.
Oxygen and hydrogen are both chemical elements.
36
experimentverbneutral
to experiment (to test ideas or methods)
To try out new ideas, methods, or activities to discover something.
Chefs love to experiment with unusual combinations of flavours.
Chefs love to experiment with unusual combinations of flavours.
37
developverbneutral
to develop (to create or refine over time)
To create or improve something gradually, such as a method or theory.
Scientists are working to develop a vaccine against the virus.
Scientists are working to develop a vaccine against the virus.
38
concludeverbformalneutral
to conclude (to reach a judgement from evidence)
To reach a decision or judgement after reasoning.
The study concluded that the treatment had no real effect.
The study concluded that the treatment had no real effect.
39
researchernounneutral
researcher (a person who conducts research)
A person who carries out academic or scientific research.
The researchers spent months gathering data in the field.
The researchers spent months gathering data in the field.
40
scientistnounneutral
scientist (an expert in a scientific field)
An expert who studies and works in one of the natural or physical sciences.
A team of scientists discovered the new particle last year.
A team of scientists discovered the new particle last year.
41
scientificadjectiveneutral
scientific (based on the principles of science)
Relating to or based on the methods and principles of science.
There's no scientific proof to back up that claim.
There's no scientific proof to back up that claim.
42
accurateadjectiveneutral
accurate (correct and precise, of measurements or data)
Correct and precise; free from error.
These instruments give extremely accurate readings.
These instruments give extremely accurate readings.
43
significantadjectiveneutral
significant (important, or statistically meaningful)
Important or large enough to be noticed; in statistics, unlikely due to chance.
The difference between the two groups was statistically significant.
The difference between the two groups was statistically significant.
44
processnounneutral
process (a sequence of steps or natural changes)
A series of steps or natural changes leading to a particular result.
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make food.
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make food.
45
matternounneutral
matter (physical substance with mass and volume)
Physical substance that occupies space and has mass; uncountable.
Everything around us is made of matter.
Everything around us is made of matter.
46
breakthroughnounneutral
breakthrough (a major scientific advance)
A sudden, important advance or discovery.
The discovery was hailed as a major breakthrough in cancer research.
The discovery was hailed as a major breakthrough in cancer research.
47
variablenountechnicalneutral
variable (a changeable factor in an experiment)
A factor that can change and may affect the outcome of an experiment.
We controlled every variable except temperature.
We controlled every variable except temperature.
48
estimateverbneutral
to estimate (to calculate approximately)
To calculate an approximate value based on available information.
Scientists estimate that the galaxy contains billions of stars.
Scientists estimate that the galaxy contains billions of stars.
49
demonstrateverbformalneutral
to demonstrate (to show clearly with evidence)
To show clearly that something is true or how something works.
The study demonstrates a clear link between the two factors.
The study demonstrates a clear link between the two factors.
50
particlenountechnicalneutral
particle (a minute piece of matter)
A tiny piece of matter, such as an electron or a speck of dust.
The detector can spot a single subatomic particle.
The detector can spot a single subatomic particle.
51
compoundnountechnicalneutral
compound (a substance of chemically combined elements)
A substance made from two or more elements chemically combined.
Water is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen.
Water is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen.
52
theorynouninformal
theory (a personal guess or speculation, informal)
An idea or opinion based on guesswork rather than firm evidence; informal sense.
My theory is that he simply forgot to turn up.
My theory is that he simply forgot to turn up.
53
trialnounneutral
trial (a controlled test, especially of a treatment)
A test of the performance or effect of something, especially a medical treatment.
The drug is now in its final clinical trial.
The drug is now in its final clinical trial.
54
observationnounneutral
observation (careful watching, or a noted finding)
The act of watching carefully, or a remark based on what is seen.
His observations of the birds led to an important discovery.
His observations of the birds led to an important discovery.
55
in theoryexpressionneutral
in theory (true in principle but maybe not in practice)
Used to say something should be true in principle but may differ in practice.
In theory, the machine should run for years without repairs.
In theory, the machine should run for years without repairs.
56
fieldnounneutral
field (an area or branch of scientific study)
A branch of study or area of specialist knowledge.
She's a leading expert in the field of genetics.
She's a leading expert in the field of genetics.
57
theorynounneutral
theory (a scientific explanation or proposed idea)
A well-supported explanation of phenomena, or a proposed idea to be tested.
Darwin's theory of evolution changed how we understand life.
Darwin's theory of evolution changed how we understand life.
58
laboratorynounneutral
laboratory (a room equipped for scientific work)
A room or building equipped for scientific experiments; often shortened to 'lab'.
She ran the experiment three times in the university laboratory.
She ran the experiment three times in the university laboratory.
59
carry outphrasal verbneutral
to carry out (to perform research or a procedure)
To perform or complete a task, especially research or an experiment.
The team carried out the experiment over several months.
The team carried out the experiment over several months.
60
find outphrasal verbneutral
to find out (to discover information through inquiry)
To learn or discover information through inquiry.
We're trying to find out what causes the cells to die.
We're trying to find out what causes the cells to die.
61
analyseverbneutralBritish English
to analyse (British English; American: analyze)
British English spelling of the verb meaning to examine data or substances in detail.
The team will analyse the samples once the experiment is complete.
The team will examine the samples in detail once the experiment is complete.