b2単語パック

法律と司法

犯罪や裁判、警察や刑罰にまつわる基本用語。

71 語

英語の語彙

定義の言語：

日本語の定義はまだありません

この言語の定義はまだ準備できていません。言語は順番に追加しています。

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このパックのこの言語はまだ用意されていません。自分専用のコピーを作成できます – AIによる翻訳で、あなただけのものです。

71 語

定義の言語：: 日本語

1
courtnounneutral
court (place where legal cases are tried)
The place or institution where legal cases are heard and decided
The case will go to court next month.
The case will go to court next month.
2
judgenounneutral
judge (official who presides over a court)
The official who presides over a court and decides cases or sentences
The judge sentenced him to five years in prison.
The judge sentenced him to five years in prison.
3
lawyernounneutral
lawyer (legal professional who represents clients)
A professional who advises clients and represents them in legal matters
You should speak to a lawyer before signing anything.
You should speak to a lawyer before signing anything.
4
trialnounneutral
trial (formal court hearing of a case)
The formal examination of evidence in court to decide a case
The trial lasted three weeks.
The trial lasted three weeks.
5
verdictnounneutral
verdict (decision of guilt or innocence in a trial)
The decision reached by a jury or judge at the end of a trial
The jury reached a verdict after two days.
The jury reached a verdict after two days.
6
jurynounneutral
jury (group of citizens who decide a verdict)
A group of citizens who decide the verdict in a trial
The jury was unable to agree on a verdict.
The jury was unable to agree on a verdict.
7
witnessnounneutral
witness (person who testifies in court)
A person who gives evidence in court about what they saw or know
The key witness failed to appear in court.
The key witness failed to appear in court.
8
testifyverbneutral
to testify (give sworn evidence in court)
To give evidence under oath in a court of law
She agreed to testify against her former boss.
She agreed to testify against her former boss.
9
defendantnountechnicalneutral
defendant (person accused in a legal case)
The person accused or sued in a court case
The defendant pleaded not guilty to all charges.
The defendant pleaded not guilty to all charges.
10
prosecutionnountechnicalneutral
prosecution (side bringing a criminal case)
The legal party that brings a case against someone in a criminal trial
The prosecution called its first witness.
The prosecution called its first witness.
11
defencenountechnicalneutral
defence (side defending the accused; spelled 'defense' in US English)
The party or arguments used to defend an accused person in court
The defence argued that the evidence was unreliable.
The defence argued that the evidence was unreliable.
12
casenounneutral
case (a legal matter brought to court)
A matter or dispute decided in a court of law
The case was dismissed for lack of evidence.
The case was dismissed for lack of evidence.
13
crimenounneutral
crime (illegal act punishable by law)
An act that breaks the law and is punishable by the state
Violent crime has fallen in the city this year.
Violent crime has fallen in the city this year.
14
criminalnounneutral
criminal (person who commits crimes)
A person who has committed a crime
The police are determined to catch the criminals responsible.
The police are determined to catch the criminals responsible.
15
stealverbneutral
to steal (take property unlawfully)
To take something that belongs to someone else without permission
Someone stole my bike from outside the station.
Someone stole my bike from outside the station.
16
theftnounneutral
theft (the act or crime of stealing)
The crime of stealing someone's property
He was charged with theft after the incident.
He was charged with theft after the incident.
17
robverbneutral
to rob (steal from a person or place, often by force)
To take money or property from a person or place, often using force or threats
Two men robbed the bank at gunpoint.
Two men robbed the bank at gunpoint.
18
robberynounneutral
robbery (theft involving force or threat)
The crime of taking property from a person or place by force or threat
The armed robbery took place in broad daylight.
The armed robbery took place in broad daylight.
19
burglarynounneutral
burglary (breaking into a building to steal)
The crime of breaking into a building to steal things
There has been a series of burglaries in our neighbourhood.
There has been a series of burglaries in our neighbourhood.
20
murdernounneutral
murder (deliberate unlawful killing)
The crime of deliberately killing another person
He was convicted of murder and sentenced to life.
He was convicted of murder and sentenced to life.
21
fraudnounneutral
fraud (deception for illegal financial gain)
The crime of deceiving people to gain money or advantage illegally
She was arrested for credit card fraud.
She was arrested for credit card fraud.
22
briberynounneutral
bribery (giving money to influence someone illegally)
The crime of offering money or gifts to influence someone improperly
The official was charged with bribery and corruption.
The official was charged with bribery and corruption.
23
smuggleverbneutral
to smuggle (move goods illegally across borders)
To move goods or people illegally across a border or into a place
They tried to smuggle drugs through customs.
They tried to smuggle drugs through customs.
24
kidnapverbneutral
to kidnap (take a person captive illegally)
To take someone away illegally by force, often for ransom
The businessman was kidnapped on his way to work.
The businessman was kidnapped on his way to work.
25
offencenounneutral
offence (a crime or illegal act; US 'offense')
An illegal act; a breach of the law
Drink-driving is a serious offence.
Drink-driving is a serious offence.
26
victimnounneutral
victim (person harmed by a crime)
A person who has been harmed by a crime or accident
The victim described her attacker to the police.
The victim described her attacker to the police.
27
policenounneutral
police (force that enforces the law)
The official force responsible for maintaining law and order
Call the police if you see anything suspicious.
Call the police if you see anything suspicious.
28
arrestverbneutral
to arrest (detain someone under legal authority)
To seize someone by legal authority and take them into custody
Police arrested two men in connection with the robbery.
Police arrested two men in connection with the robbery.
29
arrestnounneutral
arrest (the act of detaining someone legally)
The act of being taken into police custody
The officers made several arrests during the protest.
The officers made several arrests during the protest.
30
investigateverbneutral
to investigate (examine a crime to find facts)
To examine a crime or situation carefully to find out the truth
Detectives are investigating the cause of the fire.
Detectives are investigating the cause of the fire.
31
investigationnounneutral
investigation (official inquiry into a crime)
An official examination of the facts surrounding a crime or event
The investigation is still ongoing.
The investigation is still ongoing.
32
evidencenounneutral
evidence (facts used to prove guilt or innocence)
Facts or objects that help prove whether something is true in a legal case
There wasn't enough evidence to convict him.
There wasn't enough evidence to convict him.
33
suspectnounneutral
suspect (person believed to have committed a crime)
A person believed to be guilty of a crime but not yet proven
Police have named a suspect in the case.
Police have named a suspect in the case.
34
suspectverbneutral
to suspect (believe someone may be guilty)
To believe that someone may be guilty of something
Police suspect that the fire was started deliberately.
Police suspect that the fire was started deliberately.
35
detectivenounneutral
detective (officer who investigates crimes)
A police officer or person who investigates crimes
The detective questioned everyone in the building.
The detective questioned everyone in the building.
36
interrogateverbneutral
to interrogate (question a suspect intensively)
To question someone closely and aggressively, especially a suspect
The suspect was interrogated for hours.
The suspect was interrogated for hours.
37
chargeverbneutral
to charge (formally accuse of a crime)
To formally accuse someone of a crime
He was charged with dangerous driving.
He was charged with dangerous driving.
38
chargenounneutral
charge (a formal accusation of a crime)
A formal accusation that someone has committed a crime
He denies all the charges against him.
He denies all the charges against him.
39
accuseverbneutral
to accuse (say someone did something wrong)
To say that someone has done something wrong or illegal
They accused him of stealing the money.
They accused him of stealing the money.
40
guiltyadjectiveneutral
guilty (responsible for a crime)
Having committed a crime or being responsible for wrongdoing
The jury found him guilty on all counts.
The jury found him guilty on all counts.
41
innocentadjectiveneutral
innocent (not guilty of a crime)
Not guilty of a crime; having done nothing wrong
He insists that he is completely innocent.
He insists that he is completely innocent.
42
convictverbneutral
to convict (find guilty in court)
To find and declare someone guilty of a crime in court
He was convicted of fraud last year.
He was convicted of fraud last year.
43
acquitverbformal
to acquit (declare not guilty in court)
To officially declare that someone is not guilty of a crime
The court acquitted her of all charges.
The court acquitted her of all charges.
44
sentencenounneutral
sentence (court-imposed punishment)
The punishment given to a convicted person by a court
He received a ten-year sentence.
He received a ten-year sentence.
45
sentenceverbneutral
to sentence (impose punishment on a convicted person)
To give a punishment to a convicted person
The judge sentenced him to community service.
The judge sentenced him to community service.
46
finenounneutral
fine (money paid as a penalty)
A sum of money that must be paid as a punishment
He had to pay a heavy fine for speeding.
He had to pay a heavy fine for speeding.
47
prisonnounneutral
prison (place of confinement for criminals)
A place where people are held as punishment for crimes
He spent five years in prison.
He spent five years in prison.
48
imprisonmentnounformal
imprisonment (being held in prison as punishment)
The state of being kept in prison as a punishment
He faces life imprisonment if convicted.
He faces life imprisonment if convicted.
49
rightsnounneutral
rights (legal entitlements a person holds)
The legal or moral entitlements a person has, such as freedom and fair treatment
You have the right to remain silent.
You have the right to remain silent.
50
lawnounneutral
law (rule established by the state)
A rule established by authority that everyone must obey
It's against the law to drive without a licence.
It's against the law to drive without a licence.
51
legaladjectiveneutral
legal (permitted by law / relating to law)
Allowed by the law; relating to the law
It is perfectly legal to record the conversation.
It is perfectly legal to record the conversation.
52
illegaladjectiveneutral
illegal (forbidden by law)
Not allowed by the law; against the law
It is illegal to sell alcohol to minors.
It is illegal to sell alcohol to minors.
53
justicenounneutral
justice (fairness under the law)
Fair treatment under the law; the system of upholding the law
The family is still seeking justice for their son.
The family is still seeking justice for their son.
54
appealnountechnicalneutral
appeal (request for a higher court to review a case)
A formal request to a higher court to review a decision
His lawyers have lodged an appeal against the verdict.
His lawyers have lodged an appeal against the verdict.
55
bailnountechnicalneutral
bail (money for temporary release before trial)
Money paid so that an accused person can be released until their trial
He was released on bail of £10,000.
He was released on bail of £10,000.
56
pleadverbtechnicalneutral
to plead (state guilt or innocence in court)
To formally state in court whether you are guilty or not guilty
How do you plead — guilty or not guilty?
How do you plead — guilty or not guilty?
57
punishmentnounneutral
punishment (penalty for wrongdoing)
A penalty imposed on someone for breaking the law
The punishment should fit the crime.
The punishment should fit the crime.
58
commit a crimeexpressionneutral
to commit a crime (to do something illegal)
To do something illegal; to carry out a criminal act
He claims he didn't commit the crime.
He claims he didn't commit the crime.
59
break the lawexpressionneutral
to break the law (to act illegally)
To do something that is against the law
You're breaking the law by driving so fast.
You're breaking the law by driving so fast.
60
take someone to courtexpressionneutral
to take someone to court (to sue or prosecute someone)
To start a legal action against someone
If they don't pay, we'll take them to court.
If they don't pay, we'll take them to court.
61
sueverbneutral
to sue (bring a civil legal claim against someone)
To make a legal claim against someone, usually for compensation
He's threatening to sue the newspaper for libel.
He's threatening to sue the newspaper for libel.
62
fingerprintnounneutral
fingerprint (mark used to identify a person)
A mark left by a finger, used to identify people in investigations
His fingerprints were found all over the weapon.
His fingerprints were found all over the weapon.
63
alibinounneutral
alibi (proof of being elsewhere during a crime)
Evidence that someone was elsewhere when a crime was committed
He has a solid alibi for the night of the murder.
He has a solid alibi for the night of the murder.
64
confessverbneutral
to confess (admit to a crime or wrongdoing)
To admit that you have committed a crime or done something wrong
After hours of questioning, he finally confessed.
After hours of questioning, he finally confessed.
65
guiltnounneutral
guilt (state of having committed a crime)
The fact of having committed a crime; responsibility for wrongdoing
The prosecution must prove his guilt beyond reasonable doubt.
The prosecution must prove his guilt beyond reasonable doubt.
66
trespassverbneutral
to trespass (enter property without permission)
To enter someone's land or property without permission
You're trespassing on private property.
You're trespassing on private property.
67
parolenountechnicalneutral
parole (conditional early release from prison)
The early release of a prisoner on condition of good behaviour
He was released on parole after serving half his sentence.
He was released on parole after serving half his sentence.
68
assaultnounneutral
assault (act of causing a person to fear immediate unlawful force, or—in common usage—a physical attack)
In law, the act of causing a person to fear immediate unlawful force (physical contact is technically 'battery'); in common usage, a physical attack
He was charged with assault after threatening the man with a raised fist.
He was charged with assault after threatening the man with a raised fist.
69
defensenounneutralAmerican English
defense (American English; British: defence)
American English spelling of 'defence,' the side that defends the accused in a legal case (also the act of defending).
The defense argued that their client had a solid alibi.
The defense argued that their client had a solid alibi.
70
offensenounneutralAmerican English
offense (American English; British: offence)
American English spelling of 'offence,' a crime or illegal act.
Driving without a license is a serious offense.
Driving without a license is a serious offense.
71
attorneynounneutralAmerican English
attorney (American English; British: lawyer/solicitor)
American English word for a lawyer, a legal professional who represents clients in court.
You have the right to speak with an attorney before answering questions.
You have the right to speak with an attorney before answering questions.