c1Vocabulary Pack

Arts & Culture

Art, literature, music, theatre and cultural life.

67 words
English vocabulary

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67 words

Definitions in: English
Same-language deck – the back side will show definitions, and example sentences will hide the target word.
  • 1
    avant-gardeadjectiveformal

    Describing art, music or ideas that are experimental and ahead of their time.

    Her avant-garde choreography baffled the older critics but thrilled the students.

  • 2
    virtuosonounformalneutral

    A performer, especially a musician, of extraordinary technical skill.

    At only nineteen, she's already regarded as a virtuoso on the cello.

  • 3
    repertoirenounformalneutral

    The body of works a performer or company is prepared to perform.

    Baroque concertos make up a large part of the orchestra's repertoire.

  • 4
    ensemblenounformalneutral

    A group of musicians, actors or dancers performing together.

    The string ensemble played with remarkable precision and warmth.

  • 5
    retrospectivenounformalneutral

    An exhibition surveying an artist's whole career.

    The museum is mounting a major retrospective of her forty-year career.

  • 6
    oeuvrenounformalliterary

    The complete body of work produced by an artist or writer.

    This novel stands out within her oeuvre as her most personal book.

  • 7
    connoisseurnounformalneutral

    An expert judge in matters of taste, especially in the arts.

    Only a true connoisseur would notice that the brushwork wasn't his.

  • 8
    juxtapositionnounformaltechnical

    Placing contrasting elements side by side for artistic effect.

    The juxtaposition of industrial steel and soft fabric gives the sculpture its tension.

  • 9
    evocativeadjectiveformalliterary

    Bringing strong images, memories or feelings to mind.

    Her prose is wonderfully evocative of a childhood by the sea.

  • 10
    figurativeadjectivetechnicalformal

    Of visual art, representing recognisable people or objects rather than being abstract.

    After years of abstraction, he returned to figurative painting.

  • 11
    motifnounformaltechnical

    A recurring image, theme or musical idea in a work.

    The rose is a recurring motif throughout the whole novel.

  • 12
    palettenountechnicalneutral

    The range of colours used by an artist in a work.

    His late paintings use a much darker, more muted palette.

  • 13
    compositionnountechnicalformal

    The arrangement of visual elements within a work of art.

    The composition draws your eye straight to the figure in the corner.

  • 14
    huenounliteraryformal

    A colour or shade, especially in describing art.

    The sky in the painting shifts from a pale gold to a deep crimson hue.

  • 15
    fresconountechnicalneutral

    A painting done on wet plaster on a wall or ceiling.

    The chapel's fresco took the artist nearly four years to finish.

  • 16
    etchingnountechnicalneutral

    A print made from a metal plate into which the design has been cut with acid.

    He's better known for his etchings than for his oil paintings.

  • 17
    tapestrynounneutral

    A heavy woven textile with a pictorial design, often hung on a wall.

    A medieval tapestry depicting a hunt covers the entire far wall.

  • 18
    mosaicnounneutral

    A picture or pattern made from small pieces of coloured stone, glass or tile.

    The Roman mosaic on the floor is astonishingly well preserved.

  • 19
    librettonountechnicalformal

    The text or words of an opera or other long musical work.

    The composer wrote the music, but a poet supplied the libretto.

  • 20
    improviseverbneutral

    To perform music or dialogue spontaneously, without a script or score.

    Jazz musicians improvise around the basic melody every time they play it.

  • 21
    improvisationnounneutraltechnical

    Spontaneous, unscripted performance in music or theatre.

    The whole solo was pure improvisation; he'd never played it that way before.

  • 22
    encorenounneutral

    An extra piece performed after the planned programme, in response to applause.

    The crowd kept clapping until the band came back for an encore.

  • 23
    overturenountechnicalformal

    An orchestral introduction to an opera, ballet or other large work.

    The overture introduces all the main themes you'll hear later.

  • 24
    temponountechnicalneutral

    The speed at which a piece of music is played.

    She took the second movement at a surprisingly brisk tempo.

  • 25
    dissonancenountechnicalformal

    A combination of notes that sounds harsh or unresolved.

    The piece is full of deliberate dissonance that never quite resolves.

  • 26
    sopranonountechnicalneutral

    The highest female (or boy's) singing voice, or a singer with that voice.

    The lead role is written for a soprano with real power at the top.

  • 27
    batonnountechnicalneutral

    The thin stick a conductor uses to direct an orchestra.

    He raised his baton, and the hall fell silent.

  • 28
    maestronounformalneutral

    A distinguished conductor or master musician; a term of respect.

    The orchestra rose to applaud the maestro as he entered.

  • 29
    protagonistnounformaltechnical

    The main character in a play, novel or film.

    The protagonist is an ageing actor looking back on his career.

  • 30
    antagonistnounformaltechnical

    The character who opposes the protagonist in a story.

    The antagonist is far more interesting than the hero.

  • 31
    allegorynounformalliterary

    A story or image whose characters and events symbolise deeper meanings.

    The novel works as an allegory for the collapse of the empire.

  • 32
    metaphornounformalliterary

    A figure of speech describing one thing as if it were another.

    The whole poem rests on a single extended metaphor of the sea.

  • 33
    satirenounformalliterary

    Art or writing that uses humour and exaggeration to criticise.

    The play is a sharp satire on the art world and its egos.

  • 34
    narrativenounformaltechnical

    A story or account, or the way a story is structured and told.

    The film abandons a linear narrative for a series of fragments.

  • 35
    anthologynounformalneutral

    A published collection of poems, stories or essays by various authors.

    Her early stories appeared in an anthology of new writing.

  • 36
    sonnetnountechnicalliterary

    A poem of fourteen lines with a fixed rhyme scheme.

    He wrote a sonnet for her every year on their anniversary.

  • 37
    memoirnounneutralformal

    A book recounting the author's own experiences and memories.

    Her memoir of life backstage at the opera became a surprise hit.

  • 38
    prologuenounliteraryformal

    An introductory section of a book or play that precedes the main action.

    The prologue is set thirty years before the rest of the story.

  • 39
    denouementnounformalliterary

    The final part of a narrative in which the plot is resolved.

    The denouement ties up every loose thread a little too neatly.

  • 40
    pseudonymnounformalneutral

    A false name used by a writer instead of their real one.

    She published her first three thrillers under a male pseudonym.

  • 41
    prolificadjectiveformalneutral

    Producing many works; highly productive as an artist or writer.

    He was extraordinarily prolific, writing nearly fifty plays.

  • 42
    allusionnounformalliterary

    An indirect reference to another work, person or event.

    The title is an allusion to a line from an old ballad.

  • 43
    ironynounformalliterary

    A literary or dramatic device in which meaning differs from the literal words or expectations.

    The dramatic irony is that we know the letter never arrived.

  • 44
    debutnounneutralformal

    A performer's or work's first public appearance.

    She made her debut at the opera house at just twenty-two.

  • 45
    monologuenountechnicalneutral

    A long speech delivered by one actor.

    Her closing monologue left half the audience in tears.

  • 46
    soliloquynountechnicalliterary

    A speech in which a character, alone on stage, reveals their thoughts to the audience.

    In his soliloquy, the prince weighs life against death.

  • 47
    understudynountechnicalneutral

    An actor who learns a role in order to replace the main performer if needed.

    When the lead fell ill, her understudy went on and stole the show.

  • 48
    artisannounformalneutral

    A skilled worker who makes things by hand, often in a traditional craft.

    Local artisans still weave the cloth on wooden looms.

  • 49
    folklorenounformalneutral

    The traditional stories, customs and beliefs of a community.

    Her paintings draw heavily on the folklore of her village.

  • 50
    ritualnounformalneutral

    A set of actions performed in a fixed way, often as part of a ceremony or tradition.

    The dance is part of an ancient harvest ritual.

  • 51
    indigenousadjectiveformalneutral

    Belonging naturally to a place; relating to the original inhabitants of a region.

    The exhibition celebrates indigenous art from across the Pacific.

  • 52
    canonnounformalliterary

    The body of works generally accepted as the most important in a field.

    For decades her novels were left out of the literary canon.

  • 53
    zeitgeistnounformalliterary

    The defining spirit, mood or ideas of a particular period.

    The film somehow captured the zeitgeist of the late nineties.

  • 54
    kitschnouninformalpejorative

    Art or objects considered tasteless, sentimental or excessively showy.

    Some dismiss his paintings as pure kitsch, but they sell for a fortune.

  • 55
    behind the scenesidiomneutralcolloquial

    Out of public view; relating to the unseen work that makes a performance possible.

    A whole team works behind the scenes to make the festival run smoothly.

  • 56
    stand the test of timeidiomneutralcolloquial

    To remain valued or relevant long after being created.

    Few pop songs stand the test of time the way these old ballads have.

  • 57
    a labour of loveidiomneutralcolloquial

    A demanding task undertaken for pleasure or devotion rather than reward.

    Restoring the old theatre was a labour of love that took them a decade.

  • 58
    bustnountechnicalneutral

    A sculpture of a person's head, shoulders and chest.

    A marble bust of the composer stands in the foyer.

  • 59
    scorenountechnicalneutral

    The written form of a musical composition.

    The conductor barely glanced at the score all evening.

  • 60
    crescendonountechnicalneutral

    A gradual increase in loudness or intensity in music.

    The strings build to a thunderous crescendo in the final bars.

  • 61
    troupenounneutral

    A company of actors, dancers or other performers who work together.

    A travelling troupe performs the play in village squares all summer.

  • 62
    intermissionnounneutral; chiefly North American (British English uses interval)

    A short break between parts of a play, concert or opera.

    We grabbed a drink at the bar during the intermission.

  • 63
    limelightnounneutral

    The focus of public attention, especially in performance contexts.

    After years in the limelight, she quietly retired from the stage.

  • 64
    backstageadverb, adjectiveneutral

    In or to the area behind the stage, out of the audience's view.

    We went backstage after the show to congratulate the cast.

  • 65
    steal the showidiominformalcolloquial

    To attract the most attention and praise in a performance, often unexpectedly.

    A child actor in a tiny role completely stole the show.

  • 66
    a labor of lovenoun phraseneutralAmerican English

    American English spelling of the idiom for work done out of devotion rather than for pay.

    Restoring the old theater's murals was truly a labor of love for the volunteers.

    Restoring the old theater's murals was genuinely done out of devotion, not for money.

  • 67
    intervalnounneutralBritish English

    British English word for the break between parts of a play, concert, or other performance.

    We bought ice creams during the interval before the second act began.

    We bought ice creams during the break before the second act began.

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A gallery, a concert or a novel gives you plenty to say – if you have the words for it. This pack stocks them: the language of visual art, music, theatre and literature, from brushwork and rhythm to plot and performance. Built for advanced learners, it lets you describe a work, defend an opinion and hold your own in a rich cultural conversation.

Other levels of Arts & Culture

More English vocabulary at C1