b2Vocabulary Pack

Formal & Written Language

The register of formal writing, reports and official documents.

64 words
English vocabulary

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64 words

Definitions in: English
Same-language deck – the back side will show definitions, and example sentences will hide the target word.
  • 1
    requireverbformal

    Formal equivalent of 'need'; common in instructions, regulations, and professional correspondence.

    Applicants require a valid passport in order to complete the process.

    Applicants need a valid passport in order to complete the process.

  • 2
    indicateverbformal

    Formal verb meaning to show or suggest; frequent in academic and report writing.

    The results indicate a significant rise in unemployment.

    The results show a significant rise in unemployment.

  • 3
    regardingprepositionformal

    Formal way to introduce a topic; common in emails and letters as a replacement for 'about'.

    I am writing to you regarding your recent application.

    I am writing to you about your recent application.

  • 4
    thereforeconnectorformal

    Written connector showing a logical conclusion or consequence.

    The evidence was incomplete and the case was therefore dismissed.

    The evidence was incomplete and the case was for that reason dismissed.

  • 5
    howeverconnectorformalneutral

    Written connector introducing a contrast; more formal than 'but' and usually placed at the start of a sentence.

    The plan looks promising. However, it will be expensive to implement.

    The plan looks promising. But it will be expensive to implement.

  • 6
    furthermoreconnectorformal

    Written connector adding a further point in support of an argument.

    The scheme is costly. Furthermore, there is no guarantee that it will succeed.

    The scheme is costly. In addition, there is no guarantee that it will succeed.

  • 7
    consequentlyconnectorformal

    Written connector showing a result or effect.

    The train was cancelled and, consequently, we missed the meeting.

    The train was cancelled and, as a result, we missed the meeting.

  • 8
    neverthelessconnectorformal

    Written connector conceding a point while maintaining a contrasting one.

    The task was difficult; nevertheless, the team completed it on time.

    The task was difficult; even so, the team completed it on time.

  • 9
    moreoverconnectorformal

    Written connector adding emphasis to a previous point.

    The proposal is expensive; moreover, it is unlikely to work.

    The proposal is expensive; what is more, it is unlikely to work.

  • 10
    nonethelessconnectorformal

    Written connector similar to 'nevertheless', conceding a contrast.

    The results were disappointing but valuable nonetheless.

    The results were disappointing but valuable even so.

  • 11
    henceconnectorformal

    Formal connector showing a logical consequence.

    The data is incomplete; hence, the conclusions are tentative.

    The data is incomplete; therefore, the conclusions are tentative.

  • 12
    whereasconnectorformal

    Written connector drawing a contrast between two facts or clauses.

    The northern office expanded, whereas the southern one closed.

    The northern office expanded, while the southern one closed.

  • 13
    subsequentlyadverbformal

    Formal adverb meaning afterwards or later, used in narratives and reports.

    The contract was signed and subsequently reviewed by the legal team.

    The contract was signed and afterwards reviewed by the legal team.

  • 14
    prior toprepositionformal

    Formal equivalent of 'before', used with events and deadlines.

    Please complete the form prior to your appointment.

    Please complete the form before your appointment.

  • 15
    requestverbformal

    Formal verb meaning to ask for something politely or officially.

    Visitors are requested to sign in at reception.

    Visitors are asked to sign in at reception.

  • 16
    provideverbformalneutral

    Formal verb meaning to give or supply something.

    The hotel provides a shuttle service to the airport.

    The hotel gives a shuttle service to the airport.

  • 17
    receiveverbformalneutral

    Formal alternative to 'get', used for items, messages, and treatment.

    You will receive a confirmation email within 24 hours.

    You will get a confirmation email within 24 hours.

  • 18
    assistverbformal

    Formal equivalent of 'help', common in customer service and official contexts.

    Our staff will be happy to assist you with your enquiry.

    Our staff will be happy to help you with your enquiry.

  • 19
    assistancenounformal

    Formal noun form of 'help', common in written requests and offers.

    Thank you for your assistance in this matter.

    Thank you for your help in this matter.

  • 20
    commenceverbformal

    Formal equivalent of 'begin' or 'start', used for events and procedures.

    The ceremony will commence at ten o'clock sharp.

    The ceremony will begin at ten o'clock sharp.

  • 21
    purchaseverbformal

    Formal equivalent of 'buy', common in commercial and written contexts.

    Tickets may be purchased online or at the door.

    Tickets may be bought online or at the door.

  • 22
    resideverbformal

    Formal equivalent of 'live', referring to where someone has their home.

    Applicants must reside in the region for at least one year.

    Applicants must live in the region for at least one year.

  • 23
    informverbformal

    Formal equivalent of 'tell', used for giving official notice.

    We regret to inform you that your application was unsuccessful.

    We regret to tell you that your application was unsuccessful.

  • 24
    inquireverbformal

    Formal equivalent of 'ask', often about requesting information. Also spelled 'enquire' in British English.

    I am writing to inquire about the vacant position.

    I am writing to ask about the vacant position.

  • 25
    demonstrateverbformal

    Formal equivalent of 'show', used for proving or displaying something.

    The study demonstrates a clear link between the two factors.

    The study shows a clear link between the two factors.

  • 26
    establishverbformal

    Formal verb meaning to set up or to confirm as a fact.

    The organisation was established in 1985.

    The organisation was set up in 1985.

  • 27
    ensureverbformal

    Formal verb meaning to make certain that something happens.

    Please ensure that all doors are locked before leaving.

    Please make sure that all doors are locked before leaving.

  • 28
    determineverbformal

    Formal verb meaning to find out or decide officially.

    Tests were carried out to determine the cause of the problem.

    Tests were carried out to find out the cause of the problem.

  • 29
    permitverbformal

    Formal equivalent of 'allow' or 'let'.

    Smoking is not permitted anywhere on the premises.

    Smoking is not allowed anywhere on the premises.

  • 30
    utilizeverbformal

    Formal equivalent of 'use', common in technical and professional writing. Also spelled 'utilise'.

    The new system utilizes solar energy to reduce costs.

    The new system uses solar energy to reduce costs.

  • 31
    acquireverbformal

    Formal verb meaning to gain or come to possess, especially skills or property.

    The company acquired a smaller competitor last year.

    The company bought a smaller competitor last year.

  • 32
    sufficientadjectiveformal

    Formal equivalent of 'enough'.

    We do not have sufficient evidence to proceed.

    We do not have enough evidence to proceed.

  • 33
    additionaladjectiveformalneutral

    Formal equivalent of 'extra' or 'more'.

    There is an additional charge for late check-out.

    There is an extra charge for late check-out.

  • 34
    numerousadjectiveformal

    Formal equivalent of 'many'.

    The proposal was rejected for numerous reasons.

    The proposal was rejected for many reasons.

  • 35
    approximatelyadverbformalneutral

    Formal equivalent of 'about' or 'around' when giving figures.

    The journey takes approximately three hours.

    The journey takes about three hours.

  • 36
    concerningprepositionformal

    Formal preposition introducing a topic, similar to 'regarding'.

    I have a few questions concerning the terms of the contract.

    I have a few questions about the terms of the contract.

  • 37
    in order toexpressionformalneutral

    Formal way to express purpose, more explicit than a simple 'to'.

    In order to qualify, you must submit the form by Friday.

    To qualify, you must submit the form by Friday.

  • 38
    with regard toexpressionformal

    Formal phrase introducing or referring to a topic.

    With regard to your query, I have attached the relevant documents.

    Concerning your query, I have attached the relevant documents.

  • 39
    please be advisedexpressionformal

    Formal phrase used to give official notice or information, common in business correspondence.

    Please be advised that our offices will be closed on Monday.

    Please note that our offices will be closed on Monday.

  • 40
    I am writing toexpressionformal

    Conventional opening for a formal letter or email, stating its purpose.

    I am writing to express my concern about the recent changes.

  • 41
    at your earliest convenienceexpressionformal

    Polite formal phrase asking someone to act as soon as they reasonably can.

    Please return the signed form at your earliest convenience.

    Please return the signed form as soon as you can.

  • 42
    should you requireexpressionformal

    Formal conditional phrase offering further help, using inversion instead of 'if'.

    Should you require any further assistance, please do not hesitate to contact us.

    If you need any further help, please do not hesitate to contact us.

  • 43
    I regret to inform youexpressionformal

    Formal phrase used to deliver bad news politely in writing.

    I regret to inform you that your booking has been cancelled.

    I am sorry to tell you that your booking has been cancelled.

  • 44
    kindlyadverbformal

    Formal adverb used to soften a request, similar to 'please'.

    Kindly ensure that all forms are completed in full.

    Please ensure that all forms are completed in full.

  • 45
    as a resultexpressionneutralformal

    Written connector showing consequence, slightly less formal than 'consequently'.

    Demand fell sharply and, as a result, production was reduced.

    Demand fell sharply and, because of this, production was reduced.

  • 46
    with reference toexpressionformal

    Formal phrase used to refer back to a previous communication or topic.

    With reference to your letter of 3 June, I can now confirm the details.

    Regarding your letter of 3 June, I can now confirm the details.

  • 47
    in conclusionexpressionformal

    Written connector signalling the final summary of an argument or essay.

    In conclusion, the evidence strongly supports the original hypothesis.

    To summarise, the evidence strongly supports the original hypothesis.

  • 48
    for instanceexpressionneutralformal

    Written connector introducing an example.

    Some costs, for instance insurance, are often overlooked.

    Some costs, for example insurance, are often overlooked.

  • 49
    with respect toexpressionformal

    Formal phrase introducing the specific aspect being discussed.

    With respect to costs, the two options are very similar.

    Concerning costs, the two options are very similar.

  • 50
    endeavourverbformal

    Formal equivalent of 'try hard', common in customer-facing commitments. Spelled 'endeavor' in American English.

    We endeavour to respond to all enquiries within 48 hours.

    We try hard to respond to all enquiries within 48 hours.

  • 51
    obtainverbformal

    Formal alternative to 'get'; used for acquiring permissions, documents, or results.

    You must obtain written permission before reproducing the material.

    You must get written permission before reproducing the material.

  • 52
    thusconnectorformal

    Formal connector indicating consequence or manner; common in academic writing.

    The figures were rounded and thus are only approximate.

    The figures were rounded and therefore are only approximate. [sense 2: consequence]

  • 53
    in additionexpressionformalneutral

    Written connector introducing an extra point.

    In addition, all staff will receive updated guidelines next week.

    Also, all staff will receive updated guidelines next week.

  • 54
    attemptverb, nounformal

    Formal equivalent of 'try', used as both verb and noun.

    Do not attempt to repair the device yourself.

    Do not try to repair the device yourself.

  • 55
    concludeverbformal

    Formal verb meaning to end or to reach a final judgement.

    The meeting concluded with a vote on the new policy.

    The meeting ended with a vote on the new policy.

  • 56
    I would appreciate it ifexpressionformal

    Polite formal phrase for making a request in writing.

    I would appreciate it if you could reply by the end of the week.

    Please reply by the end of the week.

  • 57
    please find attachedexpressionformal

    Standard formal phrase introducing an attachment in an email or letter.

    Please find attached a copy of the invoice for your records.

    Here is a copy of the invoice for your records.

  • 58
    I look forward toexpressionformal

    Polite formal closing phrase expressing anticipation, often followed by a noun or -ing form.

    I look forward to hearing from you at your earliest convenience.

  • 59
    thank you for your understandingexpressionformal

    Polite formal closing used after explaining an inconvenience or change.

    The service will be unavailable overnight. Thank you for your understanding.

    The service will be unavailable overnight. I appreciate your patience.

  • 60
    do not hesitate toexpressionformal

    Polite formal phrase encouraging someone to take an action without worry, often about contacting.

    Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any questions.

    Please feel free to contact me if you have any questions.

  • 61
    on the contraryexpressionformal

    Written connector used to contradict a previous statement and assert the opposite.

    The change did not harm sales; on the contrary, they rose.

    The change did not harm sales; in fact, they rose.

  • 62
    utiliseverbformalBritish English

    British English spelling of the formal verb meaning to use or make use of.

    We aim to utilise all available resources efficiently.

    We aim to use all available resources efficiently.

  • 63
    endeavorverbformalAmerican English

    American English spelling of the formal verb meaning to try hard or make an effort.

    We endeavor to respond to all inquiries within two business days.

    We try hard to respond to all inquiries within two business days.

  • 64
    enquireverbformalBritish English

    British English spelling commonly used for the formal verb meaning to ask for information.

    I am writing to enquire about the availability of the course.

    I am writing to ask about the availability of the course.

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There is a register for reports, applications and formal speeches, and slipping into it changes how you come across. This pack teaches it: the formal verbs, connectors and set phrases that lend English polish – require, obtain, furthermore, with regard to. Pitched high, it helps you write professional emails, structure an academic piece and strike exactly the right tone.

Other levels of Formal & Written Language

More English vocabulary at B2