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64 단어
정의 언어:: 한국어- 1curriculumnounformal
structured plan of subjects and content in an educational program
The set of courses and content offered by a school or program
The national curriculum has been overhauled to place greater emphasis on digital literacy.
The national curriculum has been overhauled to place greater emphasis on digital literacy.
- 2syllabusnounformal
outline of topics and requirements for a particular course
A document outlining topics, assignments, and schedule for a specific course
The professor handed out the syllabus on the first day and warned us not to fall behind.
The professor handed out the syllabus on the first day and warned us not to fall behind.
- 3dissertationnounformal
extended research document submitted for a higher degree
A long piece of academic writing, especially for a doctoral degree
She spent three years collecting data for her dissertation on climate migration.
She spent three years collecting data for her dissertation on climate migration.
- 4thesisnounformal
research paper for a degree, or central argument of a written work
A long essay or research paper, especially for a master's degree; also the central argument of an essay
I'm defending my master's thesis next week and I'm absolutely terrified.
I'm defending my master's thesis next week and I'm absolutely terrified.
- 5pedagogynounformaltechnical
the method and practice of teaching as an academic discipline
The theory and practice of teaching
Progressive pedagogy encourages students to learn through exploration rather than memorization.
Progressive pedagogy encourages students to learn through exploration rather than memorization.
- 6academianounformal
the community and environment of universities and scholarly research
The world of universities, scholars, and higher education
After twenty years in academia, she decided to move into the private sector.
After twenty years in academia, she decided to move into the private sector.
- 7tenurenounformaltechnical
guaranteed permanent academic position (at a university)
Permanent employment status granted to a professor after a probationary period
She was denied tenure despite having an impressive publication record.
She was denied tenure despite having an impressive publication record.
- 8accreditationnounformal
official certification that an institution meets established standards
Official recognition that a school or program meets certain quality standards
The university lost its accreditation after an investigation revealed serious academic fraud.
The university lost its accreditation after an investigation revealed serious academic fraud.
- 9matriculateverbformal
to formally enroll at a university or college
To formally enroll or be admitted as a student at a university
Students who matriculate in September must complete orientation the week before.
Students who matriculate in September must complete orientation the week before.
- 10seminarnounneutral
small discussion-based class or specialized academic meeting
A small class focused on discussion, or a professional training session
The graduate seminar only has twelve students, so there's nowhere to hide if you haven't done the reading.
The graduate seminar only has twelve students, so there's nowhere to hide if you haven't done the reading.
- 11symposiumnounformal
academic conference where specialists present on a particular topic
A formal conference or meeting where experts present and discuss a topic
The annual symposium on neuroscience attracts researchers from over thirty countries.
The annual symposium on neuroscience attracts researchers from over thirty countries.
- 12plagiarismnounformal
academic dishonesty of using others' work without attribution
Presenting someone else's work or ideas as your own without proper credit
The student was expelled for plagiarism after submitting an essay copied from the internet.
The student was expelled for plagiarism after submitting an essay copied from the internet.
- 13sabbaticalnounformal
extended leave from teaching duties for research or personal development
A period of paid leave granted to a professor for research or travel
Professor Chen is on sabbatical this semester – she's doing fieldwork in Peru.
Professor Chen is on sabbatical this semester – she's doing fieldwork in Peru.
- 14extracurricularadjectiveneutral
relating to activities pursued outside the normal course of study
Describing activities outside the regular academic program
Admissions officers look at extracurricular activities as well as grades.
Admissions officers look at extracurricular activities as well as grades.
- 15prerequisitenounformal
required course or condition that must be met before advancing
A course or condition that must be completed before enrolling in another
Calculus I is a prerequisite for all advanced engineering courses.
Calculus I is a prerequisite for all advanced engineering courses.
- 16electivenounneutral
optional course chosen freely by a student
A course chosen by the student that is not mandatory
I took a film studies elective in my final year just for fun.
I took a film studies elective in my final year just for fun.
- 17interdisciplinaryadjectiveformal
combining or involving multiple academic disciplines
Involving two or more academic fields or subjects
The university launched an interdisciplinary program combining data science and public health.
The university launched an interdisciplinary program combining data science and public health.
- 18undergraduatenounneutral
university student who has not yet earned a bachelor's degree
A student pursuing their first university degree
As an undergraduate, I had no idea how much harder graduate school would be.
As an undergraduate, I had no idea how much harder graduate school would be.
- 19scholarshipnounneutral
financial grant awarded to a student for educational purposes
Financial award given to a student based on merit or need
She won a full scholarship to study law at Harvard.
She won a full scholarship to study law at Harvard.
- 20fellowshipnounformal
financial grant or position for advanced study or research
A funded position or grant for advanced academic research
He was awarded a prestigious fellowship to study abroad for two years.
He was awarded a prestigious fellowship to study abroad for two years.
- 21deannounformal
senior academic administrator heading a faculty or department
A senior official in a university responsible for a particular area
The dean of the law school addressed the incoming class at orientation.
The dean of the law school addressed the incoming class at orientation.
- 22enrollmentnounneutral
the act of officially registering at an institution, or the number of registered students
The process of registering for courses or the total number of registered students
Enrollment in STEM programs has doubled in the last five years.
Enrollment in STEM programs has doubled in the last five years.
- 23commencementnounformalAmerican English
formal graduation ceremony (especially in American English)
A graduation ceremony at a school or university
The commencement speaker urged graduates to stay curious and take risks.
The commencement speaker urged graduates to stay curious and take risks.
- 24vocationaladjectiveneutral
relating to practical skills training for a specific job or trade
Relating to training for a specific trade or occupation
Vocational programs in plumbing and electrical work are seeing a surge in applications.
Vocational programs in plumbing and electrical work are seeing a surge in applications.
- 25rote learningnounneutral
learning by mechanical repetition rather than understanding
Memorization through repetition without deep understanding
Critics argue that rote learning produces students who can pass exams but can't think critically.
Critics argue that rote learning produces students who can pass exams but can't think critically.
- 26critical thinkingnounneutral
skill of analyzing and evaluating information logically and objectively
The ability to analyze information objectively and make reasoned judgments
The course is designed to develop critical thinking skills rather than just test factual recall.
The course is designed to develop critical thinking skills rather than just test factual recall.
- 27peer reviewnounformaltechnical
assessment of scholarly work by experts in the same discipline
Evaluation of academic work by others in the same field
The paper went through rigorous peer review before being accepted for publication.
The paper went through rigorous peer review before being accepted for publication.
- 28dropoutnounneutral
person who leaves education before finishing (school or university)
A person who leaves school or university before completing their course
The high school dropout rate in the district has fallen by fifteen percent since the new program started.
The high school dropout rate in the district has fallen by fifteen percent since the new program started.
- 29expulsionnounformal
permanent removal of a student from an educational institution as punishment
The act of permanently removing a student from a school
Expulsion is a last resort – the school tries every other intervention first.
Expulsion is a last resort – the school tries every other intervention first.
- 30truancynounformal
habitual unauthorized absence from school
The practice of staying away from school without permission
Chronic truancy is often a sign of deeper problems at home.
Chronic truancy is often a sign of deeper problems at home.
- 31rubricnounformaltechnical
scoring guide with criteria for evaluating academic work
A set of criteria used to assess and grade student work
The rubric clearly states that originality counts for thirty percent of the overall mark.
The rubric clearly states that originality counts for thirty percent of the overall mark.
- 32courseworknounneutral
assignments and projects completed during a course (not exams)
Work assigned as part of a course, as opposed to exams
Coursework accounts for sixty percent of the final grade in this module.
Coursework accounts for sixty percent of the final grade in this module.
- 33auditverbformal
to attend a university course without earning credit
To attend a course without receiving credit or a grade
Retired professionals often audit courses at the local university just for the love of learning.
Retired professionals often audit courses at the local university just for the love of learning.
- 34adjunctnounformaltechnical
part-time, non-permanent university instructor
A part-time or temporary instructor at a university
Many adjuncts teach at two or three universities just to make ends meet.
Many adjuncts teach at two or three universities just to make ends meet.
- 35academic probationnounformal
warning period for students failing to maintain required academic standards
A warning status for students whose grades fall below the required standard
If your GPA drops below 2.0, you'll be placed on academic probation.
If your GPA drops below 2.0, you'll be placed on academic probation.
- 36cramverbinformal
to study intensely at the last minute before an exam
To study intensively in a short period before an exam
I spent the entire night cramming for my organic chemistry final.
I spent the entire night cramming for my organic chemistry final.
- 37grade point averagenounneutral
numerical average representing a student's overall academic achievement (GPA)
A numerical measure of a student's academic performance across courses
You need a grade point average of at least 3.5 to be eligible for the honors program.
You need a grade point average of at least 3.5 to be eligible for the honors program.
- 38remedialadjectiveformal
designed to address gaps in basic academic skills or knowledge
Intended to correct or improve weak academic skills
Nearly a third of incoming freshmen were placed in remedial math courses.
Nearly a third of incoming freshmen were placed in remedial math courses.
- 39endowmentnounformal
large financial fund donated to support a university or institution
A fund of money donated to an institution, the income from which supports it
Harvard's endowment is worth tens of billions of dollars.
Harvard's endowment is worth tens of billions of dollars.
- 40mentornounneutral
experienced advisor who guides someone's academic or professional development
An experienced person who guides and advises a less experienced one
My PhD mentor taught me not just how to do research, but how to think like a researcher.
My PhD mentor taught me not just how to do research, but how to think like a researcher.
- 41assessmentnounformal
formal evaluation of a student's knowledge, skills, or performance
The process of evaluating student learning and performance
Continuous assessment is replacing traditional end-of-year exams in many schools.
Continuous assessment is replacing traditional end-of-year exams in many schools.
- 42tenure-trackadjectiveformaltechnical
describing an academic position that can lead to permanent tenure
Describing a position that may lead to permanent academic employment
Tenure-track positions are becoming increasingly scarce in the humanities.
Tenure-track positions are becoming increasingly scarce in the humanities.
- 43stipendnounformal
fixed regular payment to support a student or researcher
A regular fixed payment to a student or trainee, usually for living expenses
The PhD stipend barely covers rent in an expensive city like London.
The PhD stipend barely covers rent in an expensive city like London.
- 44dissertation defensenounformaltechnical
oral examination where a PhD candidate defends their dissertation before a committee
A formal oral examination in which a doctoral candidate presents and defends their research
Her dissertation defense lasted nearly three hours, but the committee was very impressed.
Her dissertation defense lasted nearly three hours, but the committee was very impressed.
- 45lecture hallnounneutral
large room in a university designed for lectures to many students
A large room designed for lectures with tiered seating
The lecture hall seats three hundred students, and it's full every Monday morning.
The lecture hall seats three hundred students, and it's full every Monday morning.
- 46academic integritynounformal
the principle of honesty and ethical conduct in academic work
The ethical code and moral standards expected in academic work
The university takes academic integrity very seriously – violations can result in expulsion.
The university takes academic integrity very seriously – violations can result in expulsion.
- 47alma maternounformal
the school or university from which one graduated
The school or university where a person studied
He donates generously to his alma mater every year out of gratitude for the education he received.
He donates generously to his alma mater every year out of gratitude for the education he received.
- 48Ivy Leaguenounneutral
group of eight elite US universities (Harvard, Yale, Princeton, etc.)
A group of eight prestigious universities in the northeastern United States
Getting into an Ivy League school is incredibly competitive – the acceptance rate is under ten percent.
Getting into an Ivy League school is incredibly competitive – the acceptance rate is under ten percent.
- 49learning curvenounneutral
the rate of progress in gaining new knowledge or skills (often steep = difficult)
The rate at which someone acquires new skills or knowledge
There's a steep learning curve in the first semester of medical school.
There's a steep learning curve in the first semester of medical school.
- 50alumninounneutral
former graduates of an educational institution (plural)
Former students or graduates of a school or university (plural)
The alumni association organizes networking events for recent graduates.
The alumni association organizes networking events for recent graduates.
- 51postgraduateadjectiveformal
relating to academic work beyond the bachelor's degree level
Relating to study undertaken after completing a first degree
She's doing postgraduate research in molecular biology at Cambridge.
She's doing postgraduate research in molecular biology at Cambridge.
- 52facultynounformal
the academic teaching staff of a university, or a university department
The teaching staff of a university or a division within a university
The faculty voted overwhelmingly against the proposed budget cuts.
The faculty voted overwhelmingly against the proposed budget cuts.
- 53tuitionnounneutral
in American English: the cost of instruction at an educational institution; in British English: teaching or instruction (fees are called 'tuition fees')
Fees charged for instruction at a school or university (AmE); teaching or instruction (BrE)
Tuition fees have risen sharply over the past decade, putting higher education out of reach for many.
Tuition fees have risen sharply over the past decade, putting higher education out of reach for many.
- 54flunkverbinformal
to fail (an exam, course, or school)
To fail an exam or course
I flunked my driving test twice before finally passing on the third attempt.
I flunked my driving test twice before finally passing on the third attempt.
- 55aceverbinformal
to achieve an excellent score on (a test or assignment)
To perform extremely well on a test or assignment
She aced every exam without even seeming to break a sweat.
She aced every exam without even seeming to break a sweat.
- 56hit the booksverb phraseinformalcolloquial
to begin studying hard
To start studying seriously
The exam is in three days – I really need to hit the books tonight.
The exam is in three days – I really need to hit the books tonight.
- 57valedictoriannounformal
top-ranking graduating student who delivers the farewell address (in American and Canadian education)
The student with the highest academic standing who gives a speech at graduation
The valedictorian gave a moving speech about overcoming adversity.
The valedictorian gave a moving speech about overcoming adversity.
- 58plagiarizeverbformal
to use another person's words, ideas, or work without proper attribution and present them as one's own
To use someone else's work or ideas and present them as your own
If you plagiarize even a single paragraph, you risk failing the entire course.
If you plagiarize even a single paragraph, you risk failing the entire course.
- 59dean's listnounneutral
an official list of students who have achieved high grades in a given academic period
A list of students recognized for high academic achievement
She made the dean's list every semester throughout her entire undergraduate career.
She made the dean's list every semester throughout her entire undergraduate career.
- 60publish or perishnoun phraseneutral
academic culture pressuring scholars to publish frequently or lose their positions
The pressure on academics to continually publish research to maintain their careers
The publish-or-perish mentality pushes some researchers to prioritize quantity over quality.
The publish-or-perish mentality pushes some researchers to prioritize quantity over quality.
- 61enrolmentnounneutralBritish English
enrolment (British English; American: enrollment)
British English spelling of the act of officially registering at an institution, or the number of registered students.
Late enrolment may limit which optional modules are still available.
Registering late may limit which optional modules are still available.
- 62plagiariseverbneutralBritish English
plagiarise (British English; American: plagiarize)
British English spelling of the verb meaning to use another person's words or ideas without proper attribution.
Any student found to plagiarise their coursework faces disciplinary action.
Any student found to copy their coursework without attribution faces disciplinary action.
- 63vivanounneutralBritish English
viva / viva voce (British English; American: dissertation defense)
British English word for the oral examination in which a postgraduate candidate defends their thesis before examiners.
She spent weeks rehearsing answers before her viva.
She spent weeks rehearsing answers before her oral thesis examination.
- 64graduate schoolnounneutralAmerican English
graduate school (American English; British: postgraduate study)
American English term for the division of a university offering study beyond the bachelor's degree.
After earning her bachelor's, she went straight on to graduate school.
After earning her bachelor's, she went straight on to postgraduate study.