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64 단어

정의 언어:: 한국어
  • 1
    curriculumnounformal

    structured plan of subjects and content in an educational program

    The set of courses and content offered by a school or program

    The national curriculum has been overhauled to place greater emphasis on digital literacy.

    The national curriculum has been overhauled to place greater emphasis on digital literacy.

  • 2
    syllabusnounformal

    outline of topics and requirements for a particular course

    A document outlining topics, assignments, and schedule for a specific course

    The professor handed out the syllabus on the first day and warned us not to fall behind.

    The professor handed out the syllabus on the first day and warned us not to fall behind.

  • 3
    dissertationnounformal

    extended research document submitted for a higher degree

    A long piece of academic writing, especially for a doctoral degree

    She spent three years collecting data for her dissertation on climate migration.

    She spent three years collecting data for her dissertation on climate migration.

  • 4
    thesisnounformal

    research paper for a degree, or central argument of a written work

    A long essay or research paper, especially for a master's degree; also the central argument of an essay

    I'm defending my master's thesis next week and I'm absolutely terrified.

    I'm defending my master's thesis next week and I'm absolutely terrified.

  • 5
    pedagogynounformaltechnical

    the method and practice of teaching as an academic discipline

    The theory and practice of teaching

    Progressive pedagogy encourages students to learn through exploration rather than memorization.

    Progressive pedagogy encourages students to learn through exploration rather than memorization.

  • 6
    academianounformal

    the community and environment of universities and scholarly research

    The world of universities, scholars, and higher education

    After twenty years in academia, she decided to move into the private sector.

    After twenty years in academia, she decided to move into the private sector.

  • 7
    tenurenounformaltechnical

    guaranteed permanent academic position (at a university)

    Permanent employment status granted to a professor after a probationary period

    She was denied tenure despite having an impressive publication record.

    She was denied tenure despite having an impressive publication record.

  • 8
    accreditationnounformal

    official certification that an institution meets established standards

    Official recognition that a school or program meets certain quality standards

    The university lost its accreditation after an investigation revealed serious academic fraud.

    The university lost its accreditation after an investigation revealed serious academic fraud.

  • 9
    matriculateverbformal

    to formally enroll at a university or college

    To formally enroll or be admitted as a student at a university

    Students who matriculate in September must complete orientation the week before.

    Students who matriculate in September must complete orientation the week before.

  • 10
    seminarnounneutral

    small discussion-based class or specialized academic meeting

    A small class focused on discussion, or a professional training session

    The graduate seminar only has twelve students, so there's nowhere to hide if you haven't done the reading.

    The graduate seminar only has twelve students, so there's nowhere to hide if you haven't done the reading.

  • 11
    symposiumnounformal

    academic conference where specialists present on a particular topic

    A formal conference or meeting where experts present and discuss a topic

    The annual symposium on neuroscience attracts researchers from over thirty countries.

    The annual symposium on neuroscience attracts researchers from over thirty countries.

  • 12
    plagiarismnounformal

    academic dishonesty of using others' work without attribution

    Presenting someone else's work or ideas as your own without proper credit

    The student was expelled for plagiarism after submitting an essay copied from the internet.

    The student was expelled for plagiarism after submitting an essay copied from the internet.

  • 13
    sabbaticalnounformal

    extended leave from teaching duties for research or personal development

    A period of paid leave granted to a professor for research or travel

    Professor Chen is on sabbatical this semester – she's doing fieldwork in Peru.

    Professor Chen is on sabbatical this semester – she's doing fieldwork in Peru.

  • 14
    extracurricularadjectiveneutral

    relating to activities pursued outside the normal course of study

    Describing activities outside the regular academic program

    Admissions officers look at extracurricular activities as well as grades.

    Admissions officers look at extracurricular activities as well as grades.

  • 15
    prerequisitenounformal

    required course or condition that must be met before advancing

    A course or condition that must be completed before enrolling in another

    Calculus I is a prerequisite for all advanced engineering courses.

    Calculus I is a prerequisite for all advanced engineering courses.

  • 16
    electivenounneutral

    optional course chosen freely by a student

    A course chosen by the student that is not mandatory

    I took a film studies elective in my final year just for fun.

    I took a film studies elective in my final year just for fun.

  • 17
    interdisciplinaryadjectiveformal

    combining or involving multiple academic disciplines

    Involving two or more academic fields or subjects

    The university launched an interdisciplinary program combining data science and public health.

    The university launched an interdisciplinary program combining data science and public health.

  • 18
    undergraduatenounneutral

    university student who has not yet earned a bachelor's degree

    A student pursuing their first university degree

    As an undergraduate, I had no idea how much harder graduate school would be.

    As an undergraduate, I had no idea how much harder graduate school would be.

  • 19
    scholarshipnounneutral

    financial grant awarded to a student for educational purposes

    Financial award given to a student based on merit or need

    She won a full scholarship to study law at Harvard.

    She won a full scholarship to study law at Harvard.

  • 20
    fellowshipnounformal

    financial grant or position for advanced study or research

    A funded position or grant for advanced academic research

    He was awarded a prestigious fellowship to study abroad for two years.

    He was awarded a prestigious fellowship to study abroad for two years.

  • 21
    deannounformal

    senior academic administrator heading a faculty or department

    A senior official in a university responsible for a particular area

    The dean of the law school addressed the incoming class at orientation.

    The dean of the law school addressed the incoming class at orientation.

  • 22
    enrollmentnounneutral

    the act of officially registering at an institution, or the number of registered students

    The process of registering for courses or the total number of registered students

    Enrollment in STEM programs has doubled in the last five years.

    Enrollment in STEM programs has doubled in the last five years.

  • 23
    commencementnounformalAmerican English

    formal graduation ceremony (especially in American English)

    A graduation ceremony at a school or university

    The commencement speaker urged graduates to stay curious and take risks.

    The commencement speaker urged graduates to stay curious and take risks.

  • 24
    vocationaladjectiveneutral

    relating to practical skills training for a specific job or trade

    Relating to training for a specific trade or occupation

    Vocational programs in plumbing and electrical work are seeing a surge in applications.

    Vocational programs in plumbing and electrical work are seeing a surge in applications.

  • 25
    rote learningnounneutral

    learning by mechanical repetition rather than understanding

    Memorization through repetition without deep understanding

    Critics argue that rote learning produces students who can pass exams but can't think critically.

    Critics argue that rote learning produces students who can pass exams but can't think critically.

  • 26
    critical thinkingnounneutral

    skill of analyzing and evaluating information logically and objectively

    The ability to analyze information objectively and make reasoned judgments

    The course is designed to develop critical thinking skills rather than just test factual recall.

    The course is designed to develop critical thinking skills rather than just test factual recall.

  • 27
    peer reviewnounformaltechnical

    assessment of scholarly work by experts in the same discipline

    Evaluation of academic work by others in the same field

    The paper went through rigorous peer review before being accepted for publication.

    The paper went through rigorous peer review before being accepted for publication.

  • 28
    dropoutnounneutral

    person who leaves education before finishing (school or university)

    A person who leaves school or university before completing their course

    The high school dropout rate in the district has fallen by fifteen percent since the new program started.

    The high school dropout rate in the district has fallen by fifteen percent since the new program started.

  • 29
    expulsionnounformal

    permanent removal of a student from an educational institution as punishment

    The act of permanently removing a student from a school

    Expulsion is a last resort – the school tries every other intervention first.

    Expulsion is a last resort – the school tries every other intervention first.

  • 30
    truancynounformal

    habitual unauthorized absence from school

    The practice of staying away from school without permission

    Chronic truancy is often a sign of deeper problems at home.

    Chronic truancy is often a sign of deeper problems at home.

  • 31
    rubricnounformaltechnical

    scoring guide with criteria for evaluating academic work

    A set of criteria used to assess and grade student work

    The rubric clearly states that originality counts for thirty percent of the overall mark.

    The rubric clearly states that originality counts for thirty percent of the overall mark.

  • 32
    courseworknounneutral

    assignments and projects completed during a course (not exams)

    Work assigned as part of a course, as opposed to exams

    Coursework accounts for sixty percent of the final grade in this module.

    Coursework accounts for sixty percent of the final grade in this module.

  • 33
    auditverbformal

    to attend a university course without earning credit

    To attend a course without receiving credit or a grade

    Retired professionals often audit courses at the local university just for the love of learning.

    Retired professionals often audit courses at the local university just for the love of learning.

  • 34
    adjunctnounformaltechnical

    part-time, non-permanent university instructor

    A part-time or temporary instructor at a university

    Many adjuncts teach at two or three universities just to make ends meet.

    Many adjuncts teach at two or three universities just to make ends meet.

  • 35
    academic probationnounformal

    warning period for students failing to maintain required academic standards

    A warning status for students whose grades fall below the required standard

    If your GPA drops below 2.0, you'll be placed on academic probation.

    If your GPA drops below 2.0, you'll be placed on academic probation.

  • 36
    cramverbinformal

    to study intensely at the last minute before an exam

    To study intensively in a short period before an exam

    I spent the entire night cramming for my organic chemistry final.

    I spent the entire night cramming for my organic chemistry final.

  • 37
    grade point averagenounneutral

    numerical average representing a student's overall academic achievement (GPA)

    A numerical measure of a student's academic performance across courses

    You need a grade point average of at least 3.5 to be eligible for the honors program.

    You need a grade point average of at least 3.5 to be eligible for the honors program.

  • 38
    remedialadjectiveformal

    designed to address gaps in basic academic skills or knowledge

    Intended to correct or improve weak academic skills

    Nearly a third of incoming freshmen were placed in remedial math courses.

    Nearly a third of incoming freshmen were placed in remedial math courses.

  • 39
    endowmentnounformal

    large financial fund donated to support a university or institution

    A fund of money donated to an institution, the income from which supports it

    Harvard's endowment is worth tens of billions of dollars.

    Harvard's endowment is worth tens of billions of dollars.

  • 40
    mentornounneutral

    experienced advisor who guides someone's academic or professional development

    An experienced person who guides and advises a less experienced one

    My PhD mentor taught me not just how to do research, but how to think like a researcher.

    My PhD mentor taught me not just how to do research, but how to think like a researcher.

  • 41
    assessmentnounformal

    formal evaluation of a student's knowledge, skills, or performance

    The process of evaluating student learning and performance

    Continuous assessment is replacing traditional end-of-year exams in many schools.

    Continuous assessment is replacing traditional end-of-year exams in many schools.

  • 42
    tenure-trackadjectiveformaltechnical

    describing an academic position that can lead to permanent tenure

    Describing a position that may lead to permanent academic employment

    Tenure-track positions are becoming increasingly scarce in the humanities.

    Tenure-track positions are becoming increasingly scarce in the humanities.

  • 43
    stipendnounformal

    fixed regular payment to support a student or researcher

    A regular fixed payment to a student or trainee, usually for living expenses

    The PhD stipend barely covers rent in an expensive city like London.

    The PhD stipend barely covers rent in an expensive city like London.

  • 44
    dissertation defensenounformaltechnical

    oral examination where a PhD candidate defends their dissertation before a committee

    A formal oral examination in which a doctoral candidate presents and defends their research

    Her dissertation defense lasted nearly three hours, but the committee was very impressed.

    Her dissertation defense lasted nearly three hours, but the committee was very impressed.

  • 45
    lecture hallnounneutral

    large room in a university designed for lectures to many students

    A large room designed for lectures with tiered seating

    The lecture hall seats three hundred students, and it's full every Monday morning.

    The lecture hall seats three hundred students, and it's full every Monday morning.

  • 46
    academic integritynounformal

    the principle of honesty and ethical conduct in academic work

    The ethical code and moral standards expected in academic work

    The university takes academic integrity very seriously – violations can result in expulsion.

    The university takes academic integrity very seriously – violations can result in expulsion.

  • 47
    alma maternounformal

    the school or university from which one graduated

    The school or university where a person studied

    He donates generously to his alma mater every year out of gratitude for the education he received.

    He donates generously to his alma mater every year out of gratitude for the education he received.

  • 48
    Ivy Leaguenounneutral

    group of eight elite US universities (Harvard, Yale, Princeton, etc.)

    A group of eight prestigious universities in the northeastern United States

    Getting into an Ivy League school is incredibly competitive – the acceptance rate is under ten percent.

    Getting into an Ivy League school is incredibly competitive – the acceptance rate is under ten percent.

  • 49
    learning curvenounneutral

    the rate of progress in gaining new knowledge or skills (often steep = difficult)

    The rate at which someone acquires new skills or knowledge

    There's a steep learning curve in the first semester of medical school.

    There's a steep learning curve in the first semester of medical school.

  • 50
    alumninounneutral

    former graduates of an educational institution (plural)

    Former students or graduates of a school or university (plural)

    The alumni association organizes networking events for recent graduates.

    The alumni association organizes networking events for recent graduates.

  • 51
    postgraduateadjectiveformal

    relating to academic work beyond the bachelor's degree level

    Relating to study undertaken after completing a first degree

    She's doing postgraduate research in molecular biology at Cambridge.

    She's doing postgraduate research in molecular biology at Cambridge.

  • 52
    facultynounformal

    the academic teaching staff of a university, or a university department

    The teaching staff of a university or a division within a university

    The faculty voted overwhelmingly against the proposed budget cuts.

    The faculty voted overwhelmingly against the proposed budget cuts.

  • 53
    tuitionnounneutral

    in American English: the cost of instruction at an educational institution; in British English: teaching or instruction (fees are called 'tuition fees')

    Fees charged for instruction at a school or university (AmE); teaching or instruction (BrE)

    Tuition fees have risen sharply over the past decade, putting higher education out of reach for many.

    Tuition fees have risen sharply over the past decade, putting higher education out of reach for many.

  • 54
    flunkverbinformal

    to fail (an exam, course, or school)

    To fail an exam or course

    I flunked my driving test twice before finally passing on the third attempt.

    I flunked my driving test twice before finally passing on the third attempt.

  • 55
    aceverbinformal

    to achieve an excellent score on (a test or assignment)

    To perform extremely well on a test or assignment

    She aced every exam without even seeming to break a sweat.

    She aced every exam without even seeming to break a sweat.

  • 56
    hit the booksverb phraseinformalcolloquial

    to begin studying hard

    To start studying seriously

    The exam is in three days – I really need to hit the books tonight.

    The exam is in three days – I really need to hit the books tonight.

  • 57
    valedictoriannounformal

    top-ranking graduating student who delivers the farewell address (in American and Canadian education)

    The student with the highest academic standing who gives a speech at graduation

    The valedictorian gave a moving speech about overcoming adversity.

    The valedictorian gave a moving speech about overcoming adversity.

  • 58
    plagiarizeverbformal

    to use another person's words, ideas, or work without proper attribution and present them as one's own

    To use someone else's work or ideas and present them as your own

    If you plagiarize even a single paragraph, you risk failing the entire course.

    If you plagiarize even a single paragraph, you risk failing the entire course.

  • 59
    dean's listnounneutral

    an official list of students who have achieved high grades in a given academic period

    A list of students recognized for high academic achievement

    She made the dean's list every semester throughout her entire undergraduate career.

    She made the dean's list every semester throughout her entire undergraduate career.

  • 60
    publish or perishnoun phraseneutral

    academic culture pressuring scholars to publish frequently or lose their positions

    The pressure on academics to continually publish research to maintain their careers

    The publish-or-perish mentality pushes some researchers to prioritize quantity over quality.

    The publish-or-perish mentality pushes some researchers to prioritize quantity over quality.

  • 61
    enrolmentnounneutralBritish English

    enrolment (British English; American: enrollment)

    British English spelling of the act of officially registering at an institution, or the number of registered students.

    Late enrolment may limit which optional modules are still available.

    Registering late may limit which optional modules are still available.

  • 62
    plagiariseverbneutralBritish English

    plagiarise (British English; American: plagiarize)

    British English spelling of the verb meaning to use another person's words or ideas without proper attribution.

    Any student found to plagiarise their coursework faces disciplinary action.

    Any student found to copy their coursework without attribution faces disciplinary action.

  • 63
    vivanounneutralBritish English

    viva / viva voce (British English; American: dissertation defense)

    British English word for the oral examination in which a postgraduate candidate defends their thesis before examiners.

    She spent weeks rehearsing answers before her viva.

    She spent weeks rehearsing answers before her oral thesis examination.

  • 64
    graduate schoolnounneutralAmerican English

    graduate school (American English; British: postgraduate study)

    American English term for the division of a university offering study beyond the bachelor's degree.

    After earning her bachelor's, she went straight on to graduate school.

    After earning her bachelor's, she went straight on to postgraduate study.

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