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80 단어
정의 언어:: 한국어- 1glaciernounneutral
glacier (large slow-moving body of ice)
A slow-moving mass of ice; often referenced in discussions of climate change.
The glacier has retreated nearly a kilometre over the past decade.
The glacier has retreated nearly a kilometre over the past decade.
- 2canyonnounneutral
canyon (deep steep-sided river valley)
A deep gorge with steep sides, typically carved by a river.
The river has spent millions of years carving out this canyon.
The river has spent millions of years carving out this canyon.
- 3gorgenounneutral
gorge (narrow steep-walled valley)
A narrow valley between hills or mountains, usually with a stream running through it.
A footbridge spans the gorge at its narrowest point.
A footbridge spans the gorge at its narrowest point.
- 4plateaunounneutral
plateau (high area of flat land)
An elevated area of fairly level ground.
Beyond the foothills lies a vast windswept plateau.
Beyond the foothills lies a vast windswept plateau.
- 5summitnounneutral
summit (the top of a mountain)
The highest point of a mountain.
It took us two days to reach the summit.
It took us two days to reach the summit.
- 6ridgenounneutral
ridge (long narrow raised crest of land)
A long, narrow elevated stretch of land or mountain crest.
We followed the ridge all the way to the next peak.
We followed the ridge all the way to the next peak.
- 7slopenounneutral
slope (inclined stretch of ground)
A surface or stretch of ground that rises or falls.
Vines have been planted across the south-facing slope.
Vines have been planted across the south-facing slope.
- 8meadownounneutralliterary
meadow (grassy field, often with wildflowers)
A field of grass and wildflowers, often near water.
The meadow was alive with bees and butterflies.
The meadow was alive with bees and butterflies.
- 9wetlandnounneutraltechnical
wetland (marshy land rich in wildlife)
Land saturated with water, important for biodiversity; often used in the plural.
These wetlands are a crucial stopover for migrating birds.
These wetlands are a crucial stopover for migrating birds.
- 10marshnounneutral
marsh (low watery grassland)
Low-lying wet land, typically with grassy vegetation.
The path disappears into the marsh after heavy rain.
The path disappears into the marsh after heavy rain.
- 11swampnounneutral
swamp (waterlogged, often wooded ground)
Permanently waterlogged ground, often forested.
The swamp is teeming with insects this time of year.
The swamp is teeming with insects this time of year.
- 12estuarynounneutraltechnical
estuary (river mouth where fresh and salt water mix)
The tidal mouth of a river where it meets the sea.
The estuary is a nursery for countless species of fish.
The estuary is a nursery for countless species of fish.
- 13peninsulanounneutral
peninsula (land projecting into water)
A piece of land almost surrounded by water but joined to a larger landmass.
The town sits at the tip of a rocky peninsula.
The town sits at the tip of a rocky peninsula.
- 14dunenounneutral
dune (wind-formed hill of sand)
A mound or ridge of sand shaped by the wind.
The children rolled down the dunes laughing.
The children rolled down the dunes laughing.
- 15terrainnounneutral
terrain (the physical character of the land)
The physical features of a stretch of land.
The terrain becomes far rougher beyond the river.
The terrain becomes far rougher beyond the river.
- 16tributarynounneutraltechnical
tributary (stream feeding into a larger river)
A smaller river or stream flowing into a larger one.
Pollution in a single tributary can poison the whole river.
Pollution in a single tributary can poison the whole river.
- 17volcanonounneutral
volcano (mountain that erupts lava)
A mountain that erupts molten rock.
The volcano has been dormant for centuries.
The volcano has been dormant for centuries.
- 18grovenounneutralliterary
grove (small cluster of trees)
A small group of trees, often of one kind.
They picnicked in the shade of an olive grove.
They picnicked in the shade of an olive grove.
- 19vegetationnounneutraltechnical
vegetation (plant life of an area, collectively)
Plants collectively, especially those covering a particular area.
Dense vegetation made the trail almost impossible to follow.
Dense vegetation made the trail almost impossible to follow.
- 20foliagenounneutralliterary
foliage (the leaves of plants, collectively)
The leaves of plants and trees, viewed collectively.
The autumn foliage draws tourists from all over the country.
The autumn foliage draws tourists from all over the country.
- 21canopynounneutraltechnical
canopy (the leafy upper layer of a forest)
The uppermost layer of branches and leaves in a forest.
Barely any sunlight reaches the floor beneath the dense canopy.
Barely any sunlight reaches the floor beneath the dense canopy.
- 22undergrowthnounneutral
undergrowth (low dense plants beneath trees)
The dense shrubs and plants growing beneath taller trees.
Something rustled in the undergrowth as we passed.
Something rustled in the undergrowth as we passed.
- 23shrubnounneutraltechnical
shrub (low woody multi-stemmed plant)
A woody plant smaller than a tree, with several stems; more technical than 'bush'.
Hardy shrubs are the only thing that grows on the cliff face.
Hardy shrubs are the only thing that grows on the cliff face.
- 24saplingnounneutral
sapling (young tree)
A young, slender tree.
Volunteers planted hundreds of saplings along the riverbank.
Volunteers planted hundreds of saplings along the riverbank.
- 25mossnounneutral
moss (soft green plant on damp surfaces)
A small soft green plant growing in damp, shady places.
The old stone wall was thick with moss.
The old stone wall was thick with moss.
- 26fernnounneutral
fern (feathery flowerless plant)
A flowerless plant with feathery fronds, common in shady, damp areas.
Ferns unfurled across the forest floor in spring.
Ferns unfurled across the forest floor in spring.
- 27vinenounneutral
vine (climbing or trailing plant)
A climbing or trailing plant.
Vines had completely overtaken the abandoned house.
Vines had completely overtaken the abandoned house.
- 28blossomnounneutralliterary
blossom (mass of flowers on a tree)
The flowers on a tree, especially fruit trees, viewed collectively.
The cherry blossom only lasts a week or two.
The cherry blossom only lasts a week or two.
- 29bloomverbneutral
to bloom (produce flowers; come into flower)
Of a plant, to produce flowers.
The roses bloom right through to October.
The roses bloom right through to October.
- 30wiltverbneutral
to wilt (droop from heat or dryness, of plants)
Of a plant, to become limp from heat or lack of water.
The seedlings began to wilt in the afternoon heat.
The seedlings began to wilt in the afternoon heat.
- 31germinateverbneutraltechnical
to germinate (begin to sprout, of a seed)
Of a seed, to begin to grow and put out shoots.
These seeds will only germinate after a forest fire.
These seeds will only germinate after a forest fire.
- 32floranounformaltechnical
flora (the plant life of a region, collectively)
The plants of a particular region, period, or environment, taken as a whole.
The island's flora includes dozens of species found nowhere else.
The island's flora includes dozens of species found nowhere else.
- 33biodiversitynounneutraltechnical
biodiversity (variety of life in an environment)
The variety of living organisms in a particular habitat.
Rainforests are home to extraordinary biodiversity.
Rainforests are home to extraordinary biodiversity.
- 34ecosystemnounneutraltechnical
ecosystem (interacting community of life and environment)
A community of organisms interacting with their physical environment.
Removing a single predator can throw the whole ecosystem off balance.
Removing a single predator can throw the whole ecosystem off balance.
- 35habitatnounneutraltechnical
habitat (natural home of a species)
The natural home or environment of a plant or animal.
Urban sprawl is steadily destroying the birds' natural habitat.
Urban sprawl is steadily destroying the birds' natural habitat.
- 36sustainabilitynounneutraltechnical
sustainability (using resources without depleting them)
The ability to maintain something at a level that does not deplete natural resources.
The company claims sustainability is at the heart of everything it does.
The company claims sustainability is at the heart of everything it does.
- 37sustainableadjectiveneutral
sustainable (not depleting natural resources)
Able to continue without depleting natural resources or harming the environment.
We need a more sustainable approach to fishing these waters.
We need a more sustainable approach to fishing these waters.
- 38emissionsnounneutraltechnical
emissions (gases released into the air)
Gases, especially harmful ones, released into the atmosphere.
The new regulations aim to cut carbon emissions by a third.
The new regulations aim to cut carbon emissions by a third.
- 39deforestationnounneutraltechnical
deforestation (large-scale clearing of forests)
The clearing of forests on a large scale.
Deforestation is driving many species to the brink of extinction.
Deforestation is driving many species to the brink of extinction.
- 40reforestationnounneutraltechnical
reforestation (replanting of cleared forests)
The process of replanting trees in areas that have been cleared.
The charity has funded reforestation across thousands of hectares.
The charity has funded reforestation across thousands of hectares.
- 41erosionnounneutraltechnical
erosion (gradual wearing away of land)
The gradual wearing away of land by wind, water, or other natural forces.
Coastal erosion has swallowed several homes along the cliff.
Coastal erosion has swallowed several homes along the cliff.
- 42depletionnounformaltechnical
depletion (using up of a resource)
The reduction of a resource or substance to a critically low level.
The depletion of fish stocks threatens entire coastal communities.
The depletion of fish stocks threatens entire coastal communities.
- 43degradationnounformaltechnical
degradation (deterioration of the environment)
The decline in quality or condition of the natural environment.
Overgrazing has led to severe land degradation in the region.
Overgrazing has led to severe land degradation in the region.
- 44biodegradableadjectiveneutraltechnical
biodegradable (able to decompose naturally)
Capable of being broken down naturally by bacteria or other living organisms.
The packaging is fully biodegradable and breaks down within months.
The packaging is fully biodegradable and breaks down within months.
- 45compostnounneutral
compost (decayed organic matter used as fertiliser)
Decayed organic matter used to enrich soil.
We turn all our kitchen scraps into compost.
We turn all our kitchen scraps into compost.
- 46landfillnounneutraltechnical
landfill (site where rubbish is buried)
A site where waste is buried; also the practice of disposing of waste this way.
Most of this plastic ends up in landfill.
Most of this plastic ends up in landfill.
- 47contaminationnounneutraltechnical
contamination (harmful pollution of soil, water, etc.)
The presence of harmful or polluting substances in something.
Tests revealed serious contamination of the groundwater.
Tests revealed serious contamination of the groundwater.
- 48ecologicaladjectiveneutraltechnical
ecological (relating to the environment and ecosystems)
Relating to the environment and the relationships between living things.
The project was halted over its likely ecological impact.
The project was halted over its likely ecological impact.
- 49conserveverbneutral
to conserve (protect/preserve nature or resources)
To protect a natural resource or environment from harm or overuse.
The trust works to conserve ancient woodland across the country.
The trust works to conserve ancient woodland across the country.
- 50preserveverbneutral
to preserve (keep in its original natural state)
To keep something in its original or natural state, protected from change or loss.
Strict laws preserve the marshland from development.
Strict laws preserve the marshland from development.
- 51replenishverbformal
to replenish (restore or refill a depleted supply)
To restore a stock or supply to its former level; to refill.
It can take an aquifer centuries to replenish itself.
It can take an aquifer centuries to replenish itself.
- 52thriveverbneutral
to thrive (grow strongly and healthily)
Of a plant, animal, or ecosystem, to grow vigorously and flourish.
These orchids thrive in damp, shaded conditions.
These orchids thrive in damp, shaded conditions.
- 53flourishverbneutralliterary
to flourish (grow abundantly and vigorously)
To grow or develop healthily and abundantly.
Wildflowers flourish in the meadow once the grazing stops.
Wildflowers flourish in the meadow once the grazing stops.
- 54erodeverbneutraltechnical
to erode (wear away gradually, of land or rock)
To wear away gradually, especially of land or rock by natural forces.
The waves are slowly eroding the base of the cliff.
The waves are slowly eroding the base of the cliff.
- 55depleteverbformaltechnical
to deplete (use up or drain a resource)
To use up or reduce a resource to a dangerously low level.
Intensive farming rapidly depletes the soil of nutrients.
Intensive farming rapidly depletes the soil of nutrients.
- 56aridadjectiveformaltechnical
arid (extremely dry, of land or climate)
Having little or no rain; extremely dry.
Only a few hardy plants survive in such arid terrain.
Only a few hardy plants survive in such arid terrain.
- 57barrenadjectiveneutralliterary
barren (bare and unable to support plant life)
Of land, too poor to produce vegetation; bleak and empty.
Beyond the tree line, the landscape becomes utterly barren.
Beyond the tree line, the landscape becomes utterly barren.
- 58fertileadjectiveneutral
fertile (rich and productive, of soil)
Of soil or land, able to produce abundant vegetation or crops.
The volcanic soil here is extraordinarily fertile.
The volcanic soil here is extraordinarily fertile.
- 59lushadjectiveneutralliterary
lush (thick, green and abundant, of plant growth)
Of vegetation, growing thickly and abundantly; richly green.
After the rains, the hills turn a lush green.
After the rains, the hills turn a lush green.
- 60pristineadjectiveneutralformal
pristine (unspoiled and untouched, of nature)
In its original, unspoiled condition; untouched by human activity.
Few places on Earth remain as pristine as this coastline.
Few places on Earth remain as pristine as this coastline.
- 61ruggedadjectiveneutral
rugged (rough and rocky, of terrain)
Of landscape, rough, rocky, and uneven.
The north of the island is wild and rugged.
The north of the island is wild and rugged.
- 62temperateadjectiveneutraltechnical
temperate (mild, of climate or region)
Of a climate or region, mild, without extremes of heat or cold.
Oak and beech are typical of temperate forests.
Oak and beech are typical of temperate forests.
- 63scenicadjectiveneutral
scenic (offering beautiful natural views)
Having attractive natural scenery.
We took the scenic route along the coast.
We took the scenic route along the coast.
- 64indigenousadjectiveformaltechnical
indigenous (naturally native to a region, of plants/species)
Originating naturally in a particular place; native to a region.
The garden showcases plants indigenous to the highlands.
The garden showcases plants indigenous to the highlands.
- 65endangeredadjectiveneutraltechnical
endangered (at risk of dying out, of a species)
At serious risk of extinction.
This orchid is now one of the country's most endangered plants.
This orchid is now one of the country's most endangered plants.
- 66extinctionnounneutraltechnical
extinction (the dying out of a species)
The complete dying out of a species.
Habitat loss has pushed the species to the edge of extinction.
Habitat loss has pushed the species to the edge of extinction.
- 67harnessverbneutral
to harness (control and use a natural force for power)
To control and make use of a natural force or resource, especially for energy.
The turbines harness the power of the tides.
The turbines harness the power of the tides.
- 68offsetverbneutraltechnical
to offset (counterbalance carbon emissions)
To counteract carbon emissions, typically by funding equivalent environmental savings.
The airline lets passengers offset the emissions from their flight.
The airline lets passengers offset the emissions from their flight.
- 69pesticidenounneutraltechnical
pesticide (chemical used to kill crop pests)
A chemical used to kill pests, especially insects, on crops.
Heavy use of pesticides has decimated the local bee population.
Heavy use of pesticides has decimated the local bee population.
- 70sewagenounneutraltechnical
sewage (waste water and human waste)
Waste water and excrement carried away in drains.
Untreated sewage is still being pumped into the river.
Untreated sewage is still being pumped into the river.
- 71runoffnounneutraltechnical
runoff (water draining off land, often polluted)
Water, often carrying pollutants, that drains off land into rivers and seas.
Agricultural runoff is poisoning the lake with fertiliser.
Agricultural runoff is poisoning the lake with fertiliser.
- 72wildernessnounneutralliterary
wilderness (wild, uninhabited natural region)
A wild, uncultivated region untouched by human development.
They spent a month trekking through the Alaskan wilderness.
They spent a month trekking through the Alaskan wilderness.
- 73terrestrialadjectiveformaltechnical
terrestrial (relating to or living on land)
Relating to or living on the land, as opposed to water or air.
The study compares terrestrial and marine ecosystems.
The study compares terrestrial and marine ecosystems.
- 74untamedadjectiveliterary
untamed (wild and not controlled by humans)
Wild and not brought under human control; describing landscapes or nature.
The film captures the untamed beauty of the far north.
The film captures the untamed beauty of the far north.
- 75deltanounneutraltechnical
delta (fan-shaped area of land where a river branches and meets the sea, built from deposited sediment)
The fan-shaped area of land where a river splits and meets the sea.
Rice is grown across the fertile delta.
Rice is grown across the fertile delta.
- 76carbon footprintnoun phraseneutraltechnical
carbon footprint (total greenhouse gases one's actions produce)
The total amount of greenhouse gases produced by a person, organisation, or activity.
Flying less is one of the quickest ways to shrink your carbon footprint.
Flying less is one of the quickest ways to shrink your carbon footprint.
- 77greenhouse gasnounneutraltechnical
greenhouse gas (heat-trapping atmospheric gas)
A gas that traps heat in the atmosphere and contributes to global warming.
Methane is a far more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide.
Methane is a far more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide.
- 78fossil fuelnounneutraltechnical
fossil fuel (coal, oil, or gas burned for energy)
A fuel such as coal, oil, or gas formed from ancient organic remains.
Weaning the economy off fossil fuels is a generational challenge.
Weaning the economy off fossil fuels is a generational challenge.
- 79ecologynounneutraltechnical
ecology (study of organisms and their environment; also, the relationships and living systems of a particular place)
The study of organisms in relation to their environment; also the relationships themselves.
She's writing a thesis on the ecology of mountain streams.
She's writing a thesis on the ecology of mountain streams.
- 80carbon neutraladjectiveneutraltechnical
carbon neutral (releasing no net carbon emissions)
Producing no net release of carbon dioxide, especially through offsetting.
The company has pledged to be carbon neutral by 2030.
The company has pledged to be carbon neutral by 2030.