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68 단어

정의 언어:: 한국어

1
ameliorateverbformal
to improve; to make (a bad situation) better (formal, often of conditions)
Very formal verb meaning to improve or make better, typically a situation or condition.
The new measures are intended to ameliorate the living conditions of refugees.
The new measures are intended to improve the living conditions of refugees.
2
alleviateverbformal
to relieve; to make (pain, suffering, or a problem) less severe (formal)
Formal verb for reducing the severity of something unpleasant, such as pain, suffering, or pressure.
The grant was designed to alleviate financial pressure on small businesses.
The grant was designed to relieve financial pressure on small businesses.
3
expediteverbformal
to speed up; to make (a process) happen faster (formal)
Formal verb meaning to speed up a process or make it happen more quickly.
We have asked the department to expedite the approval of your application.
We have asked the department to speed up the approval of your application.
4
procureverbformal
to obtain; to acquire (esp. through effort or official means) (formal)
Formal verb meaning to obtain something, especially with effort or through official channels.
The agency was unable to procure the necessary funding in time.
The agency was unable to obtain the necessary funding in time.
5
relinquishverbformal
to give up; to surrender (control, a right, or a position) (formal)
Formal verb meaning to give up or surrender something, such as control, a claim, or a position.
He was reluctant to relinquish control of the company he had founded.
He was reluctant to give up control of the company he had founded.
6
disseminateverbformal
to spread or distribute (information) widely (formal)
Formal verb meaning to spread information widely, especially in academic or institutional contexts.
The findings were disseminated through a series of academic publications.
The findings were spread through a series of academic publications.
7
delineateverbformal
to describe or define precisely; to mark the boundaries of (formal)
Formal verb meaning to describe or define something precisely, or to mark out boundaries.
The report clearly delineates the responsibilities of each party.
The report clearly defines the responsibilities of each party.
8
corroborateverbformal
to confirm or support with evidence (formal, esp. of testimony or theories)
Formal verb meaning to confirm or support a statement or theory with additional evidence.
Two independent witnesses corroborated her account of events.
Two independent witnesses confirmed her account of events.
9
precludeverbformal
to prevent; to make impossible in advance (formal)
Formal verb meaning to prevent something from happening or make it impossible.
His prior commitments preclude any further involvement in the project.
His prior commitments prevent any further involvement in the project.
10
reiterateverbformal
to repeat; to say again for emphasis (formal)
Formal verb meaning to say or do something again for emphasis or clarity.
Allow me to reiterate our commitment to resolving this matter.
Allow me to repeat our commitment to resolving this matter.
11
transpireverbformal
to become known; to come to light; (loosely) to happen (formal)
Formal verb meaning to come to be known, or (more loosely) to happen.
It later transpired that the documents had been forged.
It later emerged that the documents had been forged.
12
supersedeverbformal
to replace; to take the place of (something older or outdated) (formal)
Formal verb meaning to replace something with a newer or more appropriate version.
This policy supersedes all previous guidance on the subject.
This policy replaces all previous guidance on the subject.
13
augmentverbformal
to increase; to add to (so as to make greater) (formal)
Formal verb meaning to increase or add to something so as to make it greater.
She took a second job to augment her income.
She took a second job to increase her income.
14
curtailverbformal
to cut short; to reduce or restrict (formal)
Formal verb meaning to reduce, restrict, or cut something short.
Budget cuts forced the institution to curtail its research programmes.
Budget cuts forced the institution to cut back its research programmes.
15
circumventverbformal
to find a way around; to bypass (a rule or obstacle) (formal)
Formal verb meaning to find a way around an obstacle or rule, often cleverly.
The company used loopholes to circumvent the new tax laws.
The company used loopholes to get around the new tax laws.
16
elucidateverbformal
to explain; to make clear (an idea or point) (formal, academic)
Very formal verb meaning to make something clear by explaining it in detail.
Could you elucidate the reasoning behind this decision?
Could you explain the reasoning behind this decision?
17
appriseverbformal
to inform; to notify (someone) of something (formal)
Formal verb meaning to inform or notify someone of something, often used as 'apprise of'.
Please apprise me of any developments as they arise.
Please inform me of any developments as they arise.
18
forgoverbformal
to do without; to give up (something desirable) (formal)
Formal verb meaning to give up or do without something, often something pleasant or desirable.
Employees may forgo part of their salary in exchange for shares.
Employees may give up part of their salary in exchange for shares.
19
broachverbformal
to raise; to bring up (a delicate subject) for discussion (formal)
Formal verb meaning to raise or bring up a sensitive or difficult subject for discussion.
I hesitated before broaching the subject of redundancies.
I hesitated before raising the subject of redundancies.
20
profferverbformal
to offer; to present (advice, an explanation, etc.) for acceptance (formal)
Formal verb meaning to offer or present something, such as advice, an explanation, or one's hand.
He proffered no explanation for his sudden departure.
He offered no explanation for his sudden departure.
21
engenderverbformal
to cause; to give rise to (a feeling or situation) (formal)
Formal verb meaning to cause or give rise to a feeling, situation, or condition.
Such policies tend to engender resentment among workers.
Such policies tend to cause resentment among workers.
22
avail oneself ofexpressionformal
to make use of (an opportunity or resource offered) (formal)
Formal expression meaning to make use of an opportunity or resource that is offered.
Guests are encouraged to avail themselves of the hotel's facilities.
Guests are encouraged to make use of the hotel's facilities.
23
salientadjectiveformal
most noticeable or important; prominent (formal, of points or features)
Formal adjective describing the most noticeable or important features of something.
Let me summarise the salient points of the proposal.
Let me summarise the most important points of the proposal.
24
cogentadjectiveformal
clear, logical, and convincing (formal, of arguments or reasoning)
Formal adjective describing an argument that is clear, logical, and convincing.
She presented a cogent case for reforming the system.
She presented a convincing case for reforming the system.
25
germaneadjectiveformal
relevant and appropriate (to the matter at hand) (formal)
Formal adjective meaning relevant and appropriate to the subject under discussion.
Those details, while interesting, are not germane to our enquiry.
Those details, while interesting, are not relevant to our enquiry.
26
prudentadjectiveformal
sensible and cautious; showing careful judgement (formal)
Formal adjective describing a decision or person showing care and good judgement about the future.
It would be prudent to seek legal advice before signing.
It would be sensible to seek legal advice before signing.
27
judiciousadjectiveformal
showing good judgement; wise and well-considered (formal)
Formal adjective describing the wise and careful use of something, or sound judgement.
Through judicious use of resources, they avoided bankruptcy.
Through wise use of resources, they avoided bankruptcy.
28
expedientadjectiveformal
convenient and practical (though sometimes improper) (formal)
Formal adjective describing something convenient or advantageous, sometimes at the expense of principle.
The government chose the politically expedient option.
The government chose the politically convenient option.
29
onerousadjectiveformal
burdensome; involving great effort or difficulty (formal, of duties)
Formal adjective describing a task or duty that is burdensome and difficult to fulfil.
The contract imposes several onerous obligations on the tenant.
The contract imposes several burdensome obligations on the tenant.
30
tenableadjectiveformal
able to be defended or maintained (formal, of arguments or positions)
Formal adjective describing a position or argument that can be defended or maintained.
Given the new evidence, his position is no longer tenable.
Given the new evidence, his position is no longer defensible.
31
ostensibleadjectiveformal
apparent or stated (but possibly not the real one) (formal)
Formal adjective describing a stated reason that appears true but may conceal the real one.
The ostensible purpose of the visit was diplomatic.
The apparent purpose of the visit was diplomatic.
32
the formerexpressionformal
the first-mentioned of two things (formal, contrasts with 'the latter')
Formal expression referring back to the first of two things previously mentioned.
We can travel by train or by car; the former is more relaxing.
We can travel by train or by car; the first option is more relaxing.
33
the latterexpressionformal
the second-mentioned of two things (formal, contrasts with 'the former')
Formal expression referring back to the second of two things previously mentioned.
The role demands patience and precision; the latter is harder to teach.
The role demands patience and precision; precision is harder to teach.
34
whilstconjunctionformalBritish English
while; during the time that / whereas (formal, chiefly British)
Formal British variant of 'while', used for simultaneity or contrast in writing.
Whilst we appreciate your feedback, we cannot make an exception.
While we appreciate your feedback, we cannot make an exception.
35
amongstprepositionformalBritish English
among; surrounded by or in the group of (formal, chiefly British)
Formal British variant of 'among', used in more literary or formal writing.
The proposal was well received amongst senior colleagues.
The proposal was well received among senior colleagues.
36
amidstprepositionformalliterary
in the middle of; surrounded by (formal, literary)
Formal, slightly literary variant of 'amid', meaning in the middle of or surrounded by.
The announcement came amidst growing public concern.
The announcement came in the middle of growing public concern.
37
hithertoadverbformal
until now; up to this point in time (formal)
Formal adverb meaning until the present time or up to now.
The discovery challenges a hitherto accepted theory.
The discovery challenges a previously accepted theory.
38
wherebyadverbformal
by which means; through which (formal, of methods or systems)
Formal relative adverb meaning by which or through which, used to describe a method or arrangement.
They introduced a scheme whereby staff could buy shares at a discount.
They introduced a scheme by which staff could buy shares at a discount.
39
whereinadverbformalliterary
in which; in what respect (formal, literary)
Very formal relative adverb meaning in which place, situation, or respect.
This is precisely wherein the difficulty lies.
This is precisely where the difficulty lies.
40
inasmuch asconjunctionformal
in that; to the extent that; because (formal connector)
Formal conjunction meaning to the extent that, or because, used in careful written argument.
The plan is sound, inasmuch as it addresses the root cause.
The plan is sound, in that it addresses the root cause.
41
be that as it mayexpressionformal
even so; despite that (formal, conceding a point before disagreeing)
Formal concessive expression used to acknowledge a point while setting it aside.
The costs are considerable; be that as it may, the project must proceed.
The costs are considerable; even so, the project must proceed.
42
that saidexpressionformalneutral
nevertheless; having said that (formal connector introducing a qualification)
Semi-formal connector used to introduce a qualification or contrasting point.
The report is thorough. That said, it overlooks one crucial factor.
The report is thorough. Nevertheless, it overlooks one crucial factor.
43
by the same tokenexpressionformal
for the same reason; similarly (formal connector)
Formal connector meaning for the same reason or in the same way, extending a previous point.
He works hard, and by the same token, he expects others to do so.
He works hard, and for the same reason, he expects others to do so.
44
in any eventexpressionformal
regardless; whatever happens (formal connector)
Formal connector meaning regardless of what happens or has been said, similar to 'anyway'.
The outcome is uncertain, but we must prepare in any event.
The outcome is uncertain, but we must prepare regardless.
45
as regardsprepositionformal
concerning; with respect to (formal, introducing a topic)
Formal preposition used to introduce a topic, meaning concerning or with respect to.
As regards the budget, a final decision is still pending.
Concerning the budget, a final decision is still pending.
46
vis-à-visprepositionformal
in relation to; compared with (formal)
Formal preposition of French origin meaning in relation to or compared with.
What is our position vis-à-vis our main competitors?
What is our position in relation to our main competitors?
47
I trust this email finds you wellexpressionformal
polite greeting hoping the recipient is well (formal email opening)
Polite formal opening for correspondence, expressing a hope for the recipient's wellbeing.
Dear Ms Carter, I trust this email finds you well.
Dear Ms Carter, I hope you are well.
48
I would be much obligedexpressionformal
I would be very grateful (formal, polite request or thanks)
Very polite, formal phrase expressing gratitude or making a courteous request.
I would be much obliged if you could reply by Friday.
I would be very grateful if you could reply by Friday.
49
please be informed thatexpressionformal
I wish to inform you that (formal notice)
Formal notice phrase used to convey official information to the recipient.
Please be informed that the office will be closed over the holiday period.
I wish to inform you that the office will be closed over the holiday period.
50
we apologise for any inconvenience causedexpressionformal
a formal apology for disruption or trouble caused (formal notice)
Standard formal phrase used in notices and correspondence to apologise for disruption.
The service will be unavailable on Sunday; we apologise for any inconvenience caused.
The service will be unavailable on Sunday; we are sorry for any trouble this causes.
51
to whom it may concernexpressionformal
formal salutation when the recipient is unknown (formal letters)
Formal salutation used to open a letter when the recipient's name is unknown.
To whom it may concern: I am writing to confirm Mr Allen's employment.
To anyone it may concern: I am writing to confirm Mr Allen's employment.
52
yours faithfullyexpressionformal
formal closing when the addressee's name is unknown (formal British letters)
Formal British letter closing used when the recipient's name is not known (after 'Dear Sir/Madam').
We await your reply. Yours faithfully, J. Reynolds.
We await your reply. Sincerely, J. Reynolds.
53
I am pleased to inform youexpressionformal
polite way to introduce good news (formal correspondence)
Formal phrase used to introduce good news in correspondence.
I am pleased to inform you that your application has been successful.
I am happy to tell you that your application has been successful.
54
at your disposalexpressionformal
available for you to use; ready to help (formal, offering assistance)
Formal phrase indicating that one is available to help or that resources are available for use.
Should you need further details, I remain at your disposal.
Should you need further details, I remain available to help.
55
with all due respectexpressionformal
a polite preface to disagreement or criticism (formal)
Formal phrase used to soften disagreement before contradicting or criticising someone.
With all due respect, I believe the figures have been misinterpreted.
Respectfully, I believe the figures have been misinterpreted.
56
allow me toexpressionformal
let me; a polite way to introduce one's own action (formal)
Formal phrase used to politely introduce an action one is about to perform, such as explaining or introducing.
Allow me to introduce our keynote speaker for this evening.
Let me introduce our keynote speaker for this evening.
57
thus farexpressionformal
until now; up to this point (formal)
Formal expression meaning up to the present point in time or progress.
The negotiations have thus far produced no agreement.
The negotiations have so far produced no agreement.
58
in so doingexpressionformal
by doing so; as a result of that action (formal connector)
Formal connector meaning by acting in the way just described, linking an action to its consequence.
She challenged the ruling and, in so doing, set an important precedent.
She challenged the ruling and, by doing so, set an important precedent.
59
deemed necessaryexpressionformal
considered to be required (formal, official usage)
Formal phrase indicating that something is judged to be required, common in official writing.
The committee will take whatever action is deemed necessary.
The committee will take whatever action is considered necessary.
60
I wish to draw your attention toexpressionformal
I want to highlight (an important matter) (formal correspondence)
Formal correspondence phrase used to highlight an important matter for the reader.
I wish to draw your attention to a discrepancy in the latest report.
I want to highlight a discrepancy in the latest report.
61
promulgateverbformal
to announce or put into effect officially (a law or doctrine); also, to spread or propagate (ideas or beliefs) widely (formal)
Very formal verb meaning to announce or put into effect a law, decree, or doctrine officially; also to spread or propagate ideas or beliefs widely.
The new regulations were promulgated earlier this year.
The new regulations were officially issued earlier this year.
62
positverbformalacademic
to put forward; to assume (an idea) as a basis for argument (formal, academic)
Formal, academic verb meaning to put forward an idea or assumption as a basis for argument.
The author posits that economic factors were the primary cause.
The author proposes that economic factors were the primary cause.
63
myriadadjective, nounformalliterary
countless; a very great number of (adjective: myriad reasons; noun: a myriad of reasons) (formal, literary)
Literary, formal word meaning a countless or extremely great number of something.
The project faced a myriad of unforeseen complications.
The project faced countless unforeseen complications.
64
further toexpressionformal
with reference to; following on from (formal, of prior correspondence)
Formal correspondence phrase used to refer back to previous communication or matters.
Further to our telephone conversation, I attach the revised contract.
Following our telephone conversation, I attach the revised contract.
65
whileconjunctionneutralAmerican English
while (American English; British formal variant: whilst)
American English (and general-English) form used where British English formal writing often prefers 'whilst'.
Please remain seated while the aircraft is taxiing.
Please stay seated during the time the aircraft is moving.
66
amongprepositionneutralAmerican English
among (American English; British formal variant: amongst)
American English (and general-English) form used where British English formal writing often prefers 'amongst'.
The findings were widely discussed among the senior faculty.
The findings were widely talked about within the group of senior faculty.
67
we apologize for any inconvenience causedphraseformalAmerican English
we apologize for any inconvenience caused (American English spelling; British: we apologise for any inconvenience caused)
American English spelling of the formal apology for disruption; British English spells it 'apologise'.
The service will be unavailable overnight; we apologize for any inconvenience caused.
The service will be down overnight; we are sorry for any trouble this causes.
68
yours trulyphraseformalAmerican English
yours truly (American English formal closing; British: yours faithfully)
American English formal letter closing used when the recipient's name is unknown or the tone is formal; British English uses 'yours faithfully' in that case.
We look forward to your reply. Yours truly, Margaret Hale
We await your response. (formal closing) Margaret Hale