예술과 문화

the use of strong contrasts between light and dark (in visual art)

The treatment of light and shade in painting, especially strong tonal contrasts.

art that tricks the eye into seeing depth or real objects (illusionistic painting)

A technique using realistic imagery to create an optical illusion of three dimensions.

thickly applied, textured paint (painting technique)

Paint laid on so thickly that brush or knife marks stand out from the surface.

an underlying image revealing the artist's revision (painting)

A visible trace of an earlier composition showing through a painting where the artist changed their mind.

a surface sheen or film acquired through age (on sculpture, antiques)

The greenish or mellow surface acquired by bronze, wood or other materials with age.

the record of an artwork's origin and ownership history

The documented history of ownership of a work of art, used to establish authenticity.

a three-panel artwork (often an altarpiece)

A picture or carving on three panels, typically hinged side by side.

the symbolic imagery of a subject or its scholarly study (art history)

The conventional images and symbols associated with a subject, and their study.

someone who challenges or overturns established conventions

A person who attacks cherished beliefs or established conventions; historically, a destroyer of images.

a hazy, smoke-like blending of tones (painting technique)

The technique of softening transitions between colours and tones to blur outlines.

painting in tiny dots of pure colour (Neo-Impressionist technique)

A technique of painting in small distinct dots of colour that blend at a distance.

low-relief carving raised slightly from its background (sculpture)

Sculpture in which figures project only slightly from a flat background.

the base supporting a statue or column

The base or pedestal on which a statue or column stands.

an elaborate solo flourish in a concerto (music)

A virtuosic solo passage, often improvised, near the end of a movement of a concerto.

interwoven independent melodies (music); also a contrasting counterpart

The art of combining distinct melodic lines that sound together; figuratively, a contrasting element.

many-voiced music with simultaneous melodic lines

Music in which two or more independent melodic lines are combined.

a recurring theme tied to a character or idea (esp. in opera or film scores)

A recurring musical theme associated with a character or idea; by extension, a recurring theme in any work.

the distinctive tone colour of a voice or instrument

The characteristic quality of a sound that distinguishes one voice or instrument from another.

lacking a key or tonal centre (of music)

Music not written in any key or tonal centre.

speech-like singing that advances the action (opera)

A style of delivery in opera midway between speech and song, used to carry the plot.

displacement of rhythmic accent onto off-beats (music)

A rhythmic effect created by stressing the normally weak beats.

a polyphonic piece built on a theme stated in turn by each voice (music)

A contrapuntal composition in which a theme is introduced and successively taken up by other voices.

a self-contained solo song in an opera or oratorio

An elaborate solo song with orchestral accompaniment, especially in opera.

an artificially high singing register (above the natural voice)

A method of singing in a register higher than the natural voice, used especially by male singers.

a pulsing variation in pitch that enriches a sustained note (music)

A rapid, slight wavering of pitch used to add warmth and expression to a note.

a closing passage that brings a work to an end (music); a concluding addition

A concluding passage of a piece or movement; figuratively, a rounding-off section.

a harmonic close to a phrase (music); the rise and fall of speech

A sequence of chords bringing a musical phrase to a close; also the rhythmic fall of the voice.

a coming-of-age novel tracing a protagonist's growth

A novel dealing with one person's formative years and moral development.

a work imitating another's style (as tribute or medley)

A work that imitates the style of another artist or period, often as homage or parody.

a poem of mourning or lament (literary form)

A mournful poem, typically a lament for the dead.

a formal lyric poem of praise or address

A lyric poem of elevated style, typically addressed to a person, thing or idea.

told through letters or documents (of a novel)

Of a literary work written in the form of letters or documents.

overweening pride leading to downfall (esp. in tragedy)

Excessive pride or self-confidence, especially the kind that brings about a tragic hero's downfall.

an emotional purging or release (esp. through drama)

The purging of emotion, especially pity and fear, experienced by an audience watching tragedy.

an opening quotation prefacing a text

A short quotation placed at the beginning of a book or chapter to suggest its theme.

a terse, witty saying or pointed short poem

A concise, witty and often paradoxical saying or short poem.

a reused manuscript showing older text beneath; a layered, much-overwritten thing

A manuscript reused after earlier writing was erased; figuratively, something bearing visible traces of its past.

the power to evoke pity or sorrow (in art or writing)

A quality in art or speech that evokes pity, sympathy or tender sorrow.

an artist's greatest single achievement

The greatest work of an artist, writer or composer.

a novel depicting real people under fictional names

A novel about real people and events disguised as fiction.

naming something by an associated term (e.g. 'the Crown' for monarchy)

A figure of speech in which something is referred to by the name of an associated thing.

the use of words that imitate their sound (e.g. 'buzz', 'crash')

The formation of words that imitate the sounds they denote.

repeated initial consonant sounds (poetic device)

The repetition of the same initial consonant sound in neighbouring words.

the running-on of a sentence past the line break (poetry)

The continuation of a sentence beyond the end of a line of verse without a pause.

a verse paragraph or grouped block of lines in a poem

A grouped set of lines in a poem, separated from others by a space.

a character whose contrast sets off another's traits (literary device)

A character who contrasts with another so as to highlight the other's qualities.

a familiar recurring device or convention (in storytelling or art)

A recurring motif, convention or figurative device in art and literature.

the staging and visual arrangement of a scene (theatre, film)

The arrangement of everything that appears in a scene — set, props, lighting, actors — on stage or screen.

the framing arch around a conventional theatre stage

The arch or frame separating the stage from the auditorium in a traditional theatre.

an actor, esp. of the theatre (often slightly grandiose)

An actor, especially a stage actor (often used with a touch of grandeur or irony).

a contrived sudden device that resolves a story's conflict

An improbable contrivance suddenly introduced to resolve a plot.

the invisible barrier between stage/screen and audience

The imaginary barrier between performers and the audience in conventional drama.

a duet danced by two performers (ballet)

A dance for two performers, especially in classical ballet.

a casual dabbler in the arts (often disparaging)

Someone who dabbles in the arts superficially, without serious commitment.

a passionate, knowledgeable enthusiast (of an art or pursuit)

An enthusiastic and knowledgeable devotee of an art form or pastime.

the local, everyday idiom of a place (language, architecture, art)

The everyday language or native style of a place; in architecture and art, the indigenous local idiom.

weighty seriousness and dignity (of bearing or performance)

Dignity, seriousness or weight of manner, especially in a performer or artist.

the ancient past (esp. Greece and Rome); an ancient relic

The ancient past, especially the classical civilisations; also an object surviving from it.

an artistic tribute honouring another creator or work

A work created as a respectful tribute to another artist or work.

the quality of seeming convincingly real (in art or fiction)

The appearance of being true or real in art and literature.

a forceful written or spoken attack on, or vigorous defence of, a position or belief

A strongly worded attack on or defence of an opinion or position.

starting a narrative in the thick of the action

The narrative technique of beginning a story in the middle of the action.

a figure where a part stands for the whole or the whole for a part (e.g. 'hands' for workers, 'the law' for a police officer)

A figure of speech in which a part stands for the whole, or vice versa.

someone scornful of or indifferent to art and culture

A person hostile or indifferent to culture and the arts.